DNA Replication Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the protein molecule helicase in DNA replication?

  • Breaks, swivels, and rejoins the two parental DNA strands ahead of replication fork
  • Initiates DNA replication and causes replication bubbles (correct)
  • Uses a nucleotide sequence of parental DNA strand to synthesize RNA primer
  • Starts the formation of new complementary DNA strand

What is the role of the protein molecule primase in DNA replication?

  • Uses a nucleotide sequence of parental DNA strand to synthesize RNA primer (correct)
  • Initiates DNA replication and causes replication bubbles
  • Starts the formation of new complementary DNA strand
  • Breaks, swivels, and rejoins the two parental DNA strands ahead of replication fork

What is the function of the protein molecule topoisomerase in DNA replication?

  • Starts the formation of new complementary DNA strand
  • Initiates DNA replication and causes replication bubbles
  • Breaks, swivels, and rejoins the two parental DNA strands ahead of replication fork (correct)
  • Uses a nucleotide sequence of parental DNA strand to synthesize RNA primer

Where does DNA replication begin?

<p>At a special sequence of nucleotides that are repeated along the DNA molecule (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 5' and 3' ends of nucleotides in DNA?

<p>They determine the direction of DNA synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Functions of Key Proteins in DNA Replication

  • Helicase

    • Unwinds the DNA double helix, separating the two strands to allow replication.
    • Moves along the DNA, breaking hydrogen bonds between complimentary base pairs.
  • Primase

    • Synthesizes short RNA primers necessary for DNA polymerase to start adding DNA nucleotides.
    • Provides a starting point for DNA synthesis on the template strand.
  • Topoisomerase

    • Prevents supercoiling and tangling of DNA ahead of the replication fork.
    • Cuts and re-ligates DNA strands to relieve torsional strain as helicase unwinds the DNA.

Initiation of DNA Replication

  • DNA replication begins at specific locations called origins of replication.
  • At the origin, proteins recognize and bind, causing localized unwinding of the helix.

Significance of 5' and 3' Ends in Nucleotides

  • Nucleotides have directional orientation due to their phosphate and sugar components.
  • The 5' end has a phosphate group, while the 3' end has a hydroxyl group; this orientation is crucial for DNA strand elongation.
  • DNA synthesis occurs in a 5' to 3' direction, which affects how new strands are built during replication.

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