DNA Replication Process Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the clamp loader in DNA replication?

To open the PCNA ring to load onto DNA

How many RNA primers does Primase synthesize for the leading strand?

One primer

Which enzyme is responsible for polymerizing the lagging strand in DNA replication?

DNA polymerase δ (Pol δ)

What is the common feature of all telomeres?

<p>Orientation of the G-rich strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of DNA ligases in DNA replication?

<p>To join Okazaki fragments together</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average length of the G-tail in human telomeres?

<p>Between 75-300 nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of helicases in DNA replication?

<p>Unwinding of the parental DNA strands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of primases in DNA replication?

<p>To form the RNA primers required for DNA polymerases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the process of DNA replication on the leading strand.

<p>Continuous replication by DNA polymerase ε (Pol ε).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ligases in DNA replication?

<p>To ligate the different strands that are being formed, especially in the lagging strands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of topoisomerases in DNA replication?

<p>To relieve tensions created by the replication bubble.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of PCNA in DNA replication?

<p>To thread onto DNA and prevent the whole complex from falling off the template.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What proteins recognize origins of replication and form the pre-Replication complex?

<p>ORC proteins and MCM proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does DNA synthesis always proceed in the 5′→3′ direction?

<p>Because chain growth results from the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 3′ oxygen of a growing strand and the α phosphate of a dNTP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pre-replication complex during the cell cycle?

<p>To recruit the DNA replication machinery during S-phase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does DNA polymerase initiate chain synthesis?

<p>By requiring a short, preexisting RNA or DNA strand, called a primer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Telomeres in DNA replication?

<p>To protect the ends of chromosomes from deterioration or fusion with neighboring chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final result of DNA replication in terms of the composition of the new DNA strands?

<p>Each new DNA has one 'old' strand and one 'new' strand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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