18 Questions
What is the function of the clamp loader in DNA replication?
To open the PCNA ring to load onto DNA
How many RNA primers does Primase synthesize for the leading strand?
One primer
Which enzyme is responsible for polymerizing the lagging strand in DNA replication?
DNA polymerase δ (Pol δ)
What is the common feature of all telomeres?
Orientation of the G-rich strand
What is the role of DNA ligases in DNA replication?
To join Okazaki fragments together
What is the average length of the G-tail in human telomeres?
Between 75-300 nucleotides
What is the function of helicases in DNA replication?
Unwinding of the parental DNA strands.
What is the role of primases in DNA replication?
To form the RNA primers required for DNA polymerases.
Describe the process of DNA replication on the leading strand.
Continuous replication by DNA polymerase ε (Pol ε).
What is the function of ligases in DNA replication?
To ligate the different strands that are being formed, especially in the lagging strands.
What is the role of topoisomerases in DNA replication?
To relieve tensions created by the replication bubble.
What is the function of PCNA in DNA replication?
To thread onto DNA and prevent the whole complex from falling off the template.
What proteins recognize origins of replication and form the pre-Replication complex?
ORC proteins and MCM proteins
Why does DNA synthesis always proceed in the 5′→3′ direction?
Because chain growth results from the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 3′ oxygen of a growing strand and the α phosphate of a dNTP.
What is the function of the pre-replication complex during the cell cycle?
To recruit the DNA replication machinery during S-phase.
How does DNA polymerase initiate chain synthesis?
By requiring a short, preexisting RNA or DNA strand, called a primer.
What is the main function of Telomeres in DNA replication?
To protect the ends of chromosomes from deterioration or fusion with neighboring chromosomes.
What is the final result of DNA replication in terms of the composition of the new DNA strands?
Each new DNA has one 'old' strand and one 'new' strand.
Learn about the overview of the DNA replication process, including the roles of leading and lagging strands, formation of Okazaki fragments, and the enzymatic activities involved such as helicases and primases.
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