Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the function of DNA polymerase ε in DNA replication?
What is the function of DNA polymerase ε in DNA replication?
What is the main function of RPA in DNA replication?
What is the main function of RPA in DNA replication?
Which enzyme is responsible for the initiation of Okazaki fragment synthesis?
Which enzyme is responsible for the initiation of Okazaki fragment synthesis?
What is the role of ligase in DNA replication?
What is the role of ligase in DNA replication?
Signup and view all the answers
Which complex threads onto DNA, prevents complex detachment, and displaces primase at replication initiation?
Which complex threads onto DNA, prevents complex detachment, and displaces primase at replication initiation?
Signup and view all the answers
During DNA replication, which enzyme unwinds the parental DNA strands?
During DNA replication, which enzyme unwinds the parental DNA strands?
Signup and view all the answers
In DNA replication, why does DNA synthesis always proceed in the 5′→3′ direction?
In DNA replication, why does DNA synthesis always proceed in the 5′→3′ direction?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of ORC proteins and MCM proteins in the pre-replication complex?
What is the function of ORC proteins and MCM proteins in the pre-replication complex?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is DNA replication considered semi-conservative?
Why is DNA replication considered semi-conservative?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the key enzymatic activity of DNA polymerase during replication?
What is the key enzymatic activity of DNA polymerase during replication?
Signup and view all the answers
What initiates chain synthesis during DNA replication?
What initiates chain synthesis during DNA replication?
Signup and view all the answers
Where does DNA replication start and continue in both directions to create a replication bubble?
Where does DNA replication start and continue in both directions to create a replication bubble?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of telomeres?
What is the main function of telomeres?
Signup and view all the answers
Which proteins recognize the telomere sequence and assist in loop formation?
Which proteins recognize the telomere sequence and assist in loop formation?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens to telomeres with each round of DNA replication?
What happens to telomeres with each round of DNA replication?
Signup and view all the answers
Short telomeres are associated with increased risk of which group of diseases?
Short telomeres are associated with increased risk of which group of diseases?
Signup and view all the answers
Which enzyme is responsible for protecting chromosome ends by adding repetitive DNA sequences?
Which enzyme is responsible for protecting chromosome ends by adding repetitive DNA sequences?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the specific function of telomere non-specific proteins like Ku?
What is the specific function of telomere non-specific proteins like Ku?
Signup and view all the answers
Which cellular process is most directly affected by telomere shortening?
Which cellular process is most directly affected by telomere shortening?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of a clamp loader in DNA replication?
What is the function of a clamp loader in DNA replication?
Signup and view all the answers
Which enzyme synthesizes short RNA primers in DNA replication?
Which enzyme synthesizes short RNA primers in DNA replication?
Signup and view all the answers
How many nucleotides does the G-tail at telomere ends average in humans?
How many nucleotides does the G-tail at telomere ends average in humans?
Signup and view all the answers
Which enzyme is responsible for adding DNA to the RNA primer on the leading strand?
Which enzyme is responsible for adding DNA to the RNA primer on the leading strand?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary role of DNA polymerase δ in the lagging strand synthesis process?
What is the primary role of DNA polymerase δ in the lagging strand synthesis process?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common feature of all telomeres?
What is a common feature of all telomeres?
Signup and view all the answers
_______ adds deoxynucleotides to the free hydroxyl group at the 3′ end of the primer
_______ adds deoxynucleotides to the free hydroxyl group at the 3′ end of the primer
Signup and view all the answers
Okazaki fragments are formed during the synthesis of the _______ strand
Okazaki fragments are formed during the synthesis of the _______ strand
Signup and view all the answers
RPA protects single strand DNA from nucleases and prevents the formation of secondary structures during _______ replication
RPA protects single strand DNA from nucleases and prevents the formation of secondary structures during _______ replication
Signup and view all the answers
The leading strand is synthesized continuously by a complex of DNA polymerase ε and a trimeric complex known as _______
The leading strand is synthesized continuously by a complex of DNA polymerase ε and a trimeric complex known as _______
Signup and view all the answers
_______ is responsible for relieving tensions created by the replication bubble
_______ is responsible for relieving tensions created by the replication bubble
Signup and view all the answers
The clamp loader opens the PCNA ring to load onto DNA, thus it is also known as the ______ loader
The clamp loader opens the PCNA ring to load onto DNA, thus it is also known as the ______ loader
Signup and view all the answers
DNA polymerase-alpha adds approximately 20 nucleotides of DNA to the RNA primer synthesized by ______
DNA polymerase-alpha adds approximately 20 nucleotides of DNA to the RNA primer synthesized by ______
Signup and view all the answers
The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in fragments known as ______ fragments
The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in fragments known as ______ fragments
Signup and view all the answers
The G-tail at telomere ends averages between 75-300 ______ in humans
The G-tail at telomere ends averages between 75-300 ______ in humans
Signup and view all the answers
The orientation of the G-rich strand at telomeres generates a single-stranded ______ at the chromosome end
The orientation of the G-rich strand at telomeres generates a single-stranded ______ at the chromosome end
Signup and view all the answers
DNA replication only occurs during ______
DNA replication only occurs during ______
Signup and view all the answers
The two strands are separated and used as a template for the formation of the new ______
The two strands are separated and used as a template for the formation of the new ______
Signup and view all the answers
DNA synthesis always proceeds in the ______ direction
DNA synthesis always proceeds in the ______ direction
Signup and view all the answers
DNA polymerases cannot initiate chain synthesis de novo: they require a short, preexisting RNA or DNA strand, called a ______, to begin chain growth
DNA polymerases cannot initiate chain synthesis de novo: they require a short, preexisting RNA or DNA strand, called a ______, to begin chain growth
Signup and view all the answers
Mammalian genomes have thousands of origins of replications that create replication bubbles that end up ______ to each other
Mammalian genomes have thousands of origins of replications that create replication bubbles that end up ______ to each other
Signup and view all the answers
Telomeres form loops because of the nature of the G-tail, which can complement internal tracks of telomere sequence and the presence of Telomere specific proteins that recognize the telomere sequence, bind telomeres and assist in the formation of the ______
Telomeres form loops because of the nature of the G-tail, which can complement internal tracks of telomere sequence and the presence of Telomere specific proteins that recognize the telomere sequence, bind telomeres and assist in the formation of the ______
Signup and view all the answers
Short telomeres play a central role in the development of age-related diseases at the CNS (Central Nervous System) level such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and ______
Short telomeres play a central role in the development of age-related diseases at the CNS (Central Nervous System) level such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and ______
Signup and view all the answers
During DNA replication, the enzyme responsible for unwinding the parental DNA strands is ______
During DNA replication, the enzyme responsible for unwinding the parental DNA strands is ______
Signup and view all the answers
The main function of telomeres is protection against exonucleases, DNA repair, and ______
The main function of telomeres is protection against exonucleases, DNA repair, and ______
Signup and view all the answers
Telomere replication problem arises because telomeres get shorter with every replication, leading to unprotected ends and ultimately to ______
Telomere replication problem arises because telomeres get shorter with every replication, leading to unprotected ends and ultimately to ______
Signup and view all the answers
The leading strand is synthesized continuously by a complex of DNA polymerase ε and a trimeric complex known as _______
The leading strand is synthesized continuously by a complex of DNA polymerase ε and a trimeric complex known as _______
Signup and view all the answers
Telomeres form loops because of the nature of the G-tail, which can complement internal tracks of telomere sequence and the presence of Telomere specific proteins that recognize the telomere sequence, bind telomeres and assist in the formation of the _______
Telomeres form loops because of the nature of the G-tail, which can complement internal tracks of telomere sequence and the presence of Telomere specific proteins that recognize the telomere sequence, bind telomeres and assist in the formation of the _______
Signup and view all the answers
During DNA replication, the enzyme responsible for unwinding the parental DNA strands is _______
During DNA replication, the enzyme responsible for unwinding the parental DNA strands is _______
Signup and view all the answers
DNA polymerases cannot initiate chain synthesis de novo: they require a short, preexisting RNA or DNA strand, called a _______, to begin chain growth
DNA polymerases cannot initiate chain synthesis de novo: they require a short, preexisting RNA or DNA strand, called a _______, to begin chain growth
Signup and view all the answers
The main function of telomeres is protection against exonucleases, DNA repair, and _______
The main function of telomeres is protection against exonucleases, DNA repair, and _______
Signup and view all the answers
______ is responsible for relieving tensions created by the replication bubble
______ is responsible for relieving tensions created by the replication bubble
Signup and view all the answers
In DNA replication, the enzyme responsible for unwinding the parental DNA strands is ______
In DNA replication, the enzyme responsible for unwinding the parental DNA strands is ______
Signup and view all the answers
The leading strand is synthesized continuously by a complex of DNA polymerase ε and a trimeric complex known as _______
The leading strand is synthesized continuously by a complex of DNA polymerase ε and a trimeric complex known as _______
Signup and view all the answers
Short telomeres are associated with increased risk of which group of diseases?
Short telomeres are associated with increased risk of which group of diseases?
Signup and view all the answers
Which enzyme synthesizes short RNA primers in DNA replication?
Which enzyme synthesizes short RNA primers in DNA replication?
Signup and view all the answers
The ______ strand is synthesized continuously by a complex of DNA polymerase ε and a trimeric complex known as ______
The ______ strand is synthesized continuously by a complex of DNA polymerase ε and a trimeric complex known as ______
Signup and view all the answers
During DNA replication, the enzyme responsible for unwinding the parental DNA strands is ______
During DNA replication, the enzyme responsible for unwinding the parental DNA strands is ______
Signup and view all the answers
Short telomeres play a central role in the development of age-related diseases at the CNS (Central Nervous System) level such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and ______
Short telomeres play a central role in the development of age-related diseases at the CNS (Central Nervous System) level such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and ______
Signup and view all the answers
The main function of telomeres is protection against exonucleases, DNA repair, and ______
The main function of telomeres is protection against exonucleases, DNA repair, and ______
Signup and view all the answers
The orientation of the G-rich strand at telomeres generates a single-stranded ______ at the chromosome end
The orientation of the G-rich strand at telomeres generates a single-stranded ______ at the chromosome end
Signup and view all the answers
Origins of replication are recognized by ORC proteins and MCM proteins that form the pre-Replication complex. Their function is to recruit the DNA replication machinery during S-phase, and thus, the pre-replication is heavily regulated during the cell cycle. The main function of ORC proteins and MCM proteins is to form the ______ complex.
Origins of replication are recognized by ORC proteins and MCM proteins that form the pre-Replication complex. Their function is to recruit the DNA replication machinery during S-phase, and thus, the pre-replication is heavily regulated during the cell cycle. The main function of ORC proteins and MCM proteins is to form the ______ complex.
Signup and view all the answers
The leading strand is synthesized continuously by a complex of DNA polymerase ε and a trimeric complex known as ______.
The leading strand is synthesized continuously by a complex of DNA polymerase ε and a trimeric complex known as ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in fragments known as ______ fragments.
The lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in fragments known as ______ fragments.
Signup and view all the answers
Telomeres form loops because of the nature of the G-tail and the presence of Telomere specific proteins that recognize the telomere sequence, bind telomeres and assist in the formation of the ______.
Telomeres form loops because of the nature of the G-tail and the presence of Telomere specific proteins that recognize the telomere sequence, bind telomeres and assist in the formation of the ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The key to understanding DNA replication lies in the enzymatic activity of DNA polymerase. DNA synthesis always proceeds in the 5′→3′ direction because chain growth results from the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 3′ oxygen of a growing strand and the α phosphate of a dNTP. DNA polymerases cannot initiate chain synthesis de novo: they require a short, preexisting RNA or DNA strand, called a ______, to begin chain growth and a template.
The key to understanding DNA replication lies in the enzymatic activity of DNA polymerase. DNA synthesis always proceeds in the 5′→3′ direction because chain growth results from the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 3′ oxygen of a growing strand and the α phosphate of a dNTP. DNA polymerases cannot initiate chain synthesis de novo: they require a short, preexisting RNA or DNA strand, called a ______, to begin chain growth and a template.
Signup and view all the answers
