DNA Replication Process Overview

What is the function of DNA polymerase ε in DNA replication?

What is the main function of RPA in DNA replication?

Which enzyme is responsible for the initiation of Okazaki fragment synthesis?

What is the role of ligase in DNA replication?

Which complex threads onto DNA, prevents complex detachment, and displaces primase at replication initiation?

During DNA replication, which enzyme unwinds the parental DNA strands?

In DNA replication, why does DNA synthesis always proceed in the 5′→3′ direction?

What is the function of ORC proteins and MCM proteins in the pre-replication complex?

Why is DNA replication considered semi-conservative?

What is the key enzymatic activity of DNA polymerase during replication?

What initiates chain synthesis during DNA replication?

Where does DNA replication start and continue in both directions to create a replication bubble?

What is the main function of telomeres?

Which proteins recognize the telomere sequence and assist in loop formation?

What happens to telomeres with each round of DNA replication?

Short telomeres are associated with increased risk of which group of diseases?

Which enzyme is responsible for protecting chromosome ends by adding repetitive DNA sequences?

What is the specific function of telomere non-specific proteins like Ku?

Which cellular process is most directly affected by telomere shortening?

What is the function of a clamp loader in DNA replication?

Which enzyme synthesizes short RNA primers in DNA replication?

How many nucleotides does the G-tail at telomere ends average in humans?

Which enzyme is responsible for adding DNA to the RNA primer on the leading strand?

What is the primary role of DNA polymerase δ in the lagging strand synthesis process?

What is a common feature of all telomeres?

_______ adds deoxynucleotides to the free hydroxyl group at the 3′ end of the primer

Okazaki fragments are formed during the synthesis of the _______ strand

RPA protects single strand DNA from nucleases and prevents the formation of secondary structures during _______ replication

The leading strand is synthesized continuously by a complex of DNA polymerase ε and a trimeric complex known as _______

_______ is responsible for relieving tensions created by the replication bubble

The clamp loader opens the PCNA ring to load onto DNA, thus it is also known as the ______ loader

DNA polymerase-alpha adds approximately 20 nucleotides of DNA to the RNA primer synthesized by ______

The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in fragments known as ______ fragments

The G-tail at telomere ends averages between 75-300 ______ in humans

The orientation of the G-rich strand at telomeres generates a single-stranded ______ at the chromosome end

DNA replication only occurs during ______

The two strands are separated and used as a template for the formation of the new ______

DNA synthesis always proceeds in the ______ direction

DNA polymerases cannot initiate chain synthesis de novo: they require a short, preexisting RNA or DNA strand, called a ______, to begin chain growth

Mammalian genomes have thousands of origins of replications that create replication bubbles that end up ______ to each other

Telomeres form loops because of the nature of the G-tail, which can complement internal tracks of telomere sequence and the presence of Telomere specific proteins that recognize the telomere sequence, bind telomeres and assist in the formation of the ______

Short telomeres play a central role in the development of age-related diseases at the CNS (Central Nervous System) level such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and ______

During DNA replication, the enzyme responsible for unwinding the parental DNA strands is ______

The main function of telomeres is protection against exonucleases, DNA repair, and ______

Telomere replication problem arises because telomeres get shorter with every replication, leading to unprotected ends and ultimately to ______

The leading strand is synthesized continuously by a complex of DNA polymerase ε and a trimeric complex known as _______

Telomeres form loops because of the nature of the G-tail, which can complement internal tracks of telomere sequence and the presence of Telomere specific proteins that recognize the telomere sequence, bind telomeres and assist in the formation of the _______

During DNA replication, the enzyme responsible for unwinding the parental DNA strands is _______

DNA polymerases cannot initiate chain synthesis de novo: they require a short, preexisting RNA or DNA strand, called a _______, to begin chain growth

The main function of telomeres is protection against exonucleases, DNA repair, and _______

______ is responsible for relieving tensions created by the replication bubble

In DNA replication, the enzyme responsible for unwinding the parental DNA strands is ______

The leading strand is synthesized continuously by a complex of DNA polymerase ε and a trimeric complex known as _______

Short telomeres are associated with increased risk of which group of diseases?

Which enzyme synthesizes short RNA primers in DNA replication?

The ______ strand is synthesized continuously by a complex of DNA polymerase ε and a trimeric complex known as ______

During DNA replication, the enzyme responsible for unwinding the parental DNA strands is ______

Short telomeres play a central role in the development of age-related diseases at the CNS (Central Nervous System) level such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and ______

The main function of telomeres is protection against exonucleases, DNA repair, and ______

The orientation of the G-rich strand at telomeres generates a single-stranded ______ at the chromosome end

Origins of replication are recognized by ORC proteins and MCM proteins that form the pre-Replication complex. Their function is to recruit the DNA replication machinery during S-phase, and thus, the pre-replication is heavily regulated during the cell cycle. The main function of ORC proteins and MCM proteins is to form the ______ complex.

The leading strand is synthesized continuously by a complex of DNA polymerase ε and a trimeric complex known as ______.

The lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in fragments known as ______ fragments.

Telomeres form loops because of the nature of the G-tail and the presence of Telomere specific proteins that recognize the telomere sequence, bind telomeres and assist in the formation of the ______.

The key to understanding DNA replication lies in the enzymatic activity of DNA polymerase. DNA synthesis always proceeds in the 5′→3′ direction because chain growth results from the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 3′ oxygen of a growing strand and the α phosphate of a dNTP. DNA polymerases cannot initiate chain synthesis de novo: they require a short, preexisting RNA or DNA strand, called a ______, to begin chain growth and a template.