25 Questions
What is the function of the special initiator tRNA?
To recognize the initiating AUG
What is the initiating AUG recognized by?
A special initiator tRNA
What is the role of the initiation primer in DNA synthesis?
To provide a free OH group for the formation of phosphodiester bonds
What type of molecules are eukaryotic and prokaryotic tRNA made from?
Longer precursor molecules
What does each of the A P E sites extend?
Remember
What type of bond is formed between the incoming nucleotide and the primer during DNA synthesis?
Phosphodiester bond
Why are longer precursor molecules necessary for making tRNA?
They contain the necessary information for modification
What is the molecule that is added to the growing DNA strand during synthesis?
Deoxy ribonucleoside triphosphate
What is the significance of the initiating AUG?
It initiates translation
What process is necessary for making functional tRNA?
Modification
At which end of the primer does the addition of nucleotides occur during DNA synthesis?
3'-end
What is the relationship between the initiating AUG and the special initiator tRNA?
The special initiator tRNA recognizes the initiating AUG
What is common between eukaryotic and prokaryotic tRNA?
They are made from longer precursor molecules that must be modified
What is the resulting product of the DNA synthesis reaction?
Okazaki Fragments
What is the purpose of modifying precursor molecules for tRNA?
To make them functional
What is the mechanism of action of many antibacterial agents?
They selectively disrupt protein synthesis in the invading bacterial cell
What is the function of tRNA in the process of protein synthesis?
To act as an adaptor molecule between mRNA and amino acids
What is a characteristic of hnRNAs?
They contain different sets of introns
What is a limitation of mRNA in the process of protein synthesis?
It has no ability to bind amino acids
What is the role of the codon sequence in protein synthesis?
It determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein
What type of genes are not tightly controlled?
Housekeeping genes
What is the main function of inducible genes?
To respond to specific stimuli or changes
What is characteristic of housekeeping genes?
They are not regulated
What type of genes are involved in specific momentary functions?
Inducible genes
What is the difference between housekeeping genes and inducible genes?
Housekeeping genes are not regulated, while inducible genes are
Study Notes
DNA Polymerization
- Okazaki fragments are produced in the strand, forming hybrid fragments.
- Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTP) are added to the 3'-end of the initiation primer, forming a phosphodiester bond with the incoming nucleotide.
RNA Synthesis
- Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic tRNA are synthesized from longer precursor molecules that require modification.
- tRNA acts as an adaptor, directing specific amino acids according to the codon sequence, as mRNA cannot bind amino acids.
- Initiator tRNA recognizes the initiating AUG.
Gene Regulation
- Housekeeping genes are not regulated, as they are essential for basic cellular functions.
- Inducible genes are tightly controlled in most cells, only activated for specific momentary functions.
RNA Structure
- hnRNAs are mRNAs containing different sets of introns.
Learn about the process of DNA replication, specifically the formation of phosphodiester bonds with incoming nucleotides during polymerization.
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