DNA Replication and Proofreading
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Questions and Answers

What is the error rate of DNA polymerase without proofreading?

  • 1 per 10^3 nucleotides
  • 1 per 10^5 nucleotides (correct)
  • 1 per 10^9 nucleotides
  • 1 per 10^7 nucleotides

    • What is the function of MutS in Mismatch Repair (MMR)?

  • Scan for nicks in recently synthesized strand
  • Scan for mismatches in DNA (correct)
  • Trigger degradation of the strand
  • Synthesize new DNA strand

    • What is Microsatellite Instability (MIN) indicative of?

  • Germline mutations in DNA repair genes
  • Effective Mismatch Repair
  • Increased DNA damage
  • Defective Mismatch Repair (correct)

    • What is the result of germline mutations in genes encoding DNA damage repair/signalling molecules?

    <p>Inherited cancer susceptibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Mismatch Repair (MMR) in maintaining genomic stability?

    <p>Repairing DNA replication errors and inhibiting recombination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Mismatch Repair (MMR) on DNA biosynthesis?

    <p>Improves fidelity by 100-1000 fold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of Germline Instability (GI)?

    <p>Defective Homologous Recombination Repair (HDR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of genomic instability occurs due to defective Homologous Recombination Repair (HDR) and/or chromosome segregation?

    <p>Chromosomal Instability (CIN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Mismatch Repair (MMR) in maintaining genomic stability?

    <p>Defective MMR leads to Microsatellite Instability (MIN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DNA repair mechanism is responsible for correcting errors at the nucleotide level?

    <p>Proofreading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of defective spindle checkpoint in cells?

    <p>Cells continue to proliferate with genetic errors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of Chromothripsis?

    <p>Chromosome shattering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the error rate of DNA polymerases during replication?

    <p>1 per 10^7 nucleotide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteins are involved in Homology-directed Repair (HDR)?

    <p>Rad51 and BRCA1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of single nucleotide and dinucleotide deletions in the TGFBR2 gene?

    <p>Frameshift mutations leading to premature termination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of BRCA1 in DNA repair?

    <p>Recognition of dsDNA breaks and recruitment of repair enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of disturbed origin firing in DNA replication?

    <p>Impaired DNA replication fork progression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the MRN complex in DNA repair?

    <p>Recognition of dsDNA breaks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of inherited BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations?

    <p>Hereditary breast cancer susceptibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the spindle checkpoint during mitosis?

    <p>Prevention of aneuploidy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of Mismatch Repair (MMR) deficiency?

    <p>Microsatellite instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ATM in the DNA damage response?

    <p>Signalling of double-stranded DNA breaks</p> Signup and view all the answers

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