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DNA Replication Accuracy Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the error rate in DNA replication when adding deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs)?

1 in 10^3 dNTPs added
1 in 10^6 dNTPs added
1 in 10^4 dNTPs added
1 in 10^5 dNTPs added (correct)

What role does the tautomeric form of bases play in DNA replication?

They permanently change the base pairing
They enhance the base pairing specificity
They can cause permanent mutations
They can lead to transient mispairing (correct)

What is the function of DNA polymerase's double check mechanism during replication?

It completely removes all mismatched nucleotides
It increases the speed of DNA synthesis
It permanently alters incorrect bases
It checks and corrects base pairing before extending the chain (correct)

How does the polymerase proofreading activity increase the accuracy of DNA replication?

<p>By removing mispaired dNTPs from the 3’ end (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must occur for DNA polymerase to continue its activity after detecting a mispair?

<p>A base must pair with the 3’ -OH group at the end of the chain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Base Pairing Specificity

The accurate pairing of bases (A with T, G with C) at the active site of DNA polymerase ensures correct geometry. This reduces the error rate of DNA replication to 1 in 10^5 dNTPs added.

Tautomeric Forms of Bases

Tautomeric forms of bases are temporary changes in their structure. These forms can lead to mispairing, but these mispairs are quickly corrected because they are unstable.

Double Check Mechanism

DNA polymerase has a double check mechanism. It checks the pairing of bases twice before extending the chain. This greatly improves the accuracy of DNA replication.

Polymerase Proofreading Activity

DNA polymerase can remove mispaired nucleotides from the 3' end of the growing DNA strand. This proofreading activity is essential for increasing the accuracy of DNA replication.

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3' to 5' Exonuclease Activity

DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing DNA strand. Its exonuclease activity removes unpaired nucleotides from the 3' end until a correctly paired base is found.

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Study Notes

DNA Replication Accuracy

DNA polymerase ensures high accuracy during replication. The base pairing specificity of the active site creates precise geometry, leading to an error rate of 1 in 10⁵ added deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs).
Tautomeric shifts (conversion between amino/imino or keto/enol forms of bases) can cause temporary mispairing but are not permanent issues.
DNA polymerase has a double-checking mechanism to verify correct base pairings before continuing chain extension.
Proofreading activity enhances accuracy.
- It removes mismatched dNTPs from the 3' end of the DNA.
- Polymerase activity requires a base-paired 3'-OH at the chain's end.
- 3' to 5' exonuclease activity removes any unpaired residues at the end until a correctly base-paired 3' -OH is restored.

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Description

Test your understanding of DNA replication accuracy, including the role of DNA polymerase and its proofreading mechanisms. This quiz covers key concepts like base pairing specificity and the impact of tautomeric shifts on replication fidelity.