DNA Replication and Proofreading
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Questions and Answers

Which enzyme is responsible for removing the RNA primer during eukaryotic DNA replication?

  • DNA Polymerase α
  • DNA Polymerase ε
  • FEN1 (correct)
  • DNA Polymerase δ
  • What is the function of telomeres in eukaryotic chromosomes?

  • To repair DNA damage
  • To protect the ends of chromosomes (correct)
  • To facilitate DNA replication
  • To remove introns during mRNA splicing
  • What triggers cellular senescence in eukaryotic cells?

  • Activation of oncogenes
  • Exposure to mutagens
  • Extensive telomere shortening (correct)
  • DNA replication errors
  • Which enzyme is responsible for adding telomeric repeats to the ends of chromosomes?

    <p>Telomerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which direction do DNA and RNA polymerases synthesize their nucleic acids in?

    <p>5' to 3'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of polymerase requires a pre-existing 3'-OH to begin synthesis?

    <p>DNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strand of the parent molecule becomes the leading strand during DNA synthesis?

    <p>The template strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of DNA ligase during DNA replication?

    <p>To create phosphodiester bonds at 'nicks'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?

    <p>Helicase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which direction does DNA replication occur?

    <p>5' to 3'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing a new DNA strand by adding complementary nucleotides?

    <p>DNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of telomerases?

    <p>Add telomeres to the ends of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme separates the strands of dsDNA during DNA replication?

    <p>DNA Helicase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which direction does the leading strand synthesize in relation to the replication fork movement?

    <p>5' to 3' in the same direction as fork movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of primase in DNA replication?

    <p>Synthesizes a short RNA primer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can DNA replication begin?

    <p>At specific sequences called Origins of Replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme removes incorrect, mispaired nucleotides introduced by DNA polymerase errors?

    <p>DNA polymerase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of topoisomerases during DNA replication?

    <p>They remove positive supercoils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of topoisomerase requires energy from ATP to cut both strands of DNA?

    <p>Type II topoisomerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of DNA polymerase III in DNA replication?

    <p>Closes the final nick between DNA fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

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