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Questions and Answers
Which cellular response to DNA damage involves the activation of complex signaling networks to decide cell fate?
Which cellular response to DNA damage involves the activation of complex signaling networks to decide cell fate?
- Senescence
- Apoptosis (correct)
- Translesion synthesis
- Double strand break repair
Which DNA repair mechanism involves excision of damage?
Which DNA repair mechanism involves excision of damage?
- Translesion synthesis
- Double strand break repair
- Mismatch repair (correct)
- Direct reversal of damage
What is the outcome determined by in pathways that dictate cell fate in response to DNA damage?
What is the outcome determined by in pathways that dictate cell fate in response to DNA damage?
- DNA repair mechanisms
- Threshold of pro-survival factors versus pro-death factors (correct)
- Complex signaling networks
- Cell cycle arrest
Which DNA repair mechanism is involved in the direct reversal of DNA damage?
Which DNA repair mechanism is involved in the direct reversal of DNA damage?
What is the cellular response to DNA damage that involves damage tolerance for cells that need to survive?
What is the cellular response to DNA damage that involves damage tolerance for cells that need to survive?
Which cellular response to DNA damage can lead to cell death if the DNA damage is too great?
Which cellular response to DNA damage can lead to cell death if the DNA damage is too great?
Which cellular response to DNA damage involves cell cycle arrest?
Which cellular response to DNA damage involves cell cycle arrest?
What determines the outcome in pathways that dictate cell fate in response to DNA damage?
What determines the outcome in pathways that dictate cell fate in response to DNA damage?
Which cellular responses can occur if the cell is expendable or the DNA damage is too great?
Which cellular responses can occur if the cell is expendable or the DNA damage is too great?
Which type of cells activate complex signaling networks to decide their fate in response to DNA damage?
Which type of cells activate complex signaling networks to decide their fate in response to DNA damage?
Which protein is responsible for recognizing that something is wrong with the DNA through distortions or bulky additions?
Which protein is responsible for recognizing that something is wrong with the DNA through distortions or bulky additions?
What is the main function of TFIIH in nucleotide excision repair?
What is the main function of TFIIH in nucleotide excision repair?
Which subtype of nucleotide excision repair is defective in p53-mutant cells?
Which subtype of nucleotide excision repair is defective in p53-mutant cells?
In which phase of the cell cycle does Homology-directed repair (HR) occur?
In which phase of the cell cycle does Homology-directed repair (HR) occur?
Which proteins are important components of Nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ)?
Which proteins are important components of Nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ)?
What is the process called when cells bypass some types of DNA damage using distinct DNA polymerases?
What is the process called when cells bypass some types of DNA damage using distinct DNA polymerases?
Which cells repair most types of DNA damage more effectively than others?
Which cells repair most types of DNA damage more effectively than others?
DNA repair capacity differs greatly between cell types. Which cell type is defective in base excision repair?
DNA repair capacity differs greatly between cell types. Which cell type is defective in base excision repair?
What can failure of DNA repair lead to?
What can failure of DNA repair lead to?
What is triggered by DNA damage response proteins ATM and ATR?
What is triggered by DNA damage response proteins ATM and ATR?
Which enzyme is responsible for repairing damage caused by UV?
Which enzyme is responsible for repairing damage caused by UV?
What is the mechanism used to repair O6-methylguanine?
What is the mechanism used to repair O6-methylguanine?
Which protein is responsible for recognizing the mismatched DNA and recruiting MutL protein for repair?
Which protein is responsible for recognizing the mismatched DNA and recruiting MutL protein for repair?
What type of repair generates mutation?
What type of repair generates mutation?
Which repair mechanism tends to repair lesions that derive from endogenous sources?
Which repair mechanism tends to repair lesions that derive from endogenous sources?
What is the function of Poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) in DNA repair?
What is the function of Poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) in DNA repair?
What is the main difference between nucleotide excision repair and base excision repair?
What is the main difference between nucleotide excision repair and base excision repair?
What is the role of Zinc finger domain in DNA repair involving Poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1)?
What is the role of Zinc finger domain in DNA repair involving Poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1)?
Which type of cancer is associated with defects in mismatch repair genes MSH2 and MLH1?
Which type of cancer is associated with defects in mismatch repair genes MSH2 and MLH1?
Study Notes
Cellular Response to DNA Damage
- Cellular response to DNA damage involves activation of complex signaling networks to decide cell fate
- Outcome determined by intensity of DNA damage, type of damage, and cellular context
DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Excision of damage involves nucleotide excision repair (NER)
- Direct reversal of DNA damage involves base excision repair (BER)
- Homologous recombination (HR) occurs in the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle
- Nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) is involved in DNA repair during the G1 phase
- NHEJ proteins include Ku, DNA-PKcs, and Ligase IV
DNA Damage Tolerance
- Cells that need to survive use damage tolerance mechanisms
- Post-replication repair (PRR) is a damage tolerance mechanism
Cell Fate Determination
- Cell fate determined by extent of DNA damage and cellular context
- Cell death can occur if DNA damage is too great
- Cellular responses can include cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, or senescence
Protein Functions
- p53 protein is involved in recognizing DNA damage and activating signaling networks
- TFIIH is responsible for unwinding DNA during nucleotide excision repair
- MutS protein recognizes mismatched DNA and recruits MutL protein for repair
- Poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) is involved in base excision repair and recruits proteins to the site of damage
- Zinc finger domain in PARP1 is involved in recognizing DNA damage
Cancer and DNA Repair
- Defects in mismatch repair genes MSH2 and MLH1 are associated with Lynch syndrome
- Defects in NER are associated with xeroderma pigmentosum
- Failure of DNA repair can lead to cancer and other diseases
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Description
Test your understanding of direct reversal, mismatch repair, and base excision repair in DNA damage response. Assess your knowledge of cellular responses to DNA damage and the principles and steps involved in DNA repair pathways.
