Role of DNA Glycosylase in Base-Excision Repair Mechanism
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Questions and Answers

Which human diseases are associated with mutations in NER genes according to the text?

  • Diabetes, Hypertension, and Asthma
  • Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease
  • Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), Cockayne Syndrome (CS), and trichothiodystrophy (TTD) (correct)
  • Leukemia, Lymphoma, and Melanoma

    • What is a common characteristic of xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) and Cockayne Syndrome (CS)?

  • No effect on sensitivity to sunlight
  • Increased sensitivity to sunlight (correct)
  • Decreased sensitivity to sunlight
  • Increased resistance to sunlight

    • How many different NER genes can defects lead to xeroderma pigmentosum?

  • Three
  • Five
  • Ten
  • Seven (correct)

    • What is the main function of XPA and XPC in the NER process?

    <p>Recognition and excision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of breaks are readily repaired using the opposite strand as a template?

    <p>Single strand breaks (SSBs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein coats the single-strand break and protects it from breaking further?

    <p>$PARP1$ proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of DNA glycosylase in the BER pathway?

    <p>Excise the specific damaged base to generate an AP site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of DNA glycosylase has both glycosylase and AP lyase activities?

    <p>Bifunctional DNA glycosylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does DNA glycosylase conduct a search for damaged bases on DNA duplexes?

    <p>By nonspecifically binding and sliding on the DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial step in the Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) process?

    <p>Cleavage of the phosphodiester backbone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors contribute to the global genomic NER (GG-NER) pathway?

    <p>DDB1/DDB2(XPE), HR23B/XPC, XPA/RPA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes global genomic NER (GG-NER) from transcription-coupled NER (TC-NER)?

    <p>Mode of damage detection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteins are required for the initial detection of DNA damage in transcriptionally active regions during Transcription-Coupled Repair (TCR)?

    <p>CSA, CSB, UVSSA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the XPF/ERCC1 complex in the Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) process?

    <p>Cleaving 22 nucleotides 5' to the damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DNA repair process results in the formation of an AP site?

    <p>Base Excision Repair (BER)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of RPA in the Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) pathway?

    <p>Remodeling the damaged site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteins play a role in sealing the repaired DNA strand during Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER)?

    <p>Ligase anchored to PCNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final step after the excised oligonucleotide is resynthesized during Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER)?

    <p>Sealing by ligase anchored to PCNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

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