CH 1: DNA: Profiling

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of paternity and maternity testing mentioned in the text?

  • Study genetic diversity
  • Confirm biological relationships (correct)
  • Identify genetic defects
  • Identify deceased individuals

What is one of the limitations mentioned in the text regarding DNA profiling?

  • Ensuring privacy concerns
  • Limited DNA sections for profiling (correct)
  • Reducing costs of testing
  • Identifying genetic defects accurately

In what context do DNA profiles assist in identifying deceased individuals, as stated in the text?

  • Conservation efforts
  • Mass casualty events (correct)
  • Organ transplants
  • Genetic abnormalities

What could be a consequence mentioned in the text if sensitive genetic information is revealed through DNA profiling?

<p>Discrimination or insurance denial (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apart from paternity testing, what other purpose is mentioned for using DNA profiles in the text?

<p>Studying genetic diversity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect is necessary for the application of DNA profiling, as highlighted in the text?

<p>Ensuring privacy concerns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor mentioned in the text as a limitation or concern related to DNA profiling?

<p>Reduced accuracy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of DNA profiling?

<p>To create a distinctive pattern of DNA lines for each individual (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the interpretation of DNA profiles approached cautiously?

<p>To account for human error and differences in profiling methods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a match between the majority of bands in an evidence sample and a reference sample suggest?

<p>They are from the same source (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT mentioned as a reason for cautious interpretation of DNA profiles?

<p>The presence of identical twins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In DNA profiling, what is compared between an unknown sample and a known sample to make an identification?

<p>DNA fingerprint patterns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinctive feature used in visualizing a DNA profile?

<p>Thickness, length, and position of lines on X-ray film (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is DNA profiling considered a powerful tool for identification purposes?

<p>Because each person possesses a distinct DNA profile except identical twins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of DNA profiles is focused on during comparison between samples?

<p>Thickness, intensity, and spacing of bands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of DNA profiles is compared during the interpretation process?

<p>Color intensity of the bands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is caution advised when interpreting DNA profiles according to the text?

<p>Human error in generating DNA profiles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes DNA profiling a potent tool for identification purposes?

<p>Presence of unique DNA regions in each person (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of DNA profiles might lead to false identifications if not cautiously considered?

<p>Potential overlap in band patterns between unrelated individuals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the method of DNA profiling aid forensic investigations as per the text?

<p>By comparing evidence samples with profiles in a global database (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What issue arises if there are differences in profiling methods used by various laboratories?

<p>Increased likelihood of false matches between samples (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario could two unrelated individuals have similar band patterns in their DNA profiles?

<p>Due to non-unique DNA regions present in both individuals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor makes it challenging to ensure accurate identification based on DNA profiles?

<p>Variability in band positioning within the profile (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the potential consequences of misinterpretation in DNA profiling, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Insurance denial due to sensitive information revelation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to consider ethical standards when conducting DNA profiling?

<p>To prevent privacy concerns and discrimination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what context can DNA profiles be particularly helpful in conservation efforts?

<p>Studying genetic diversity among populations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major factor limits the accessibility of DNA profiling according to the text?

<p>Limited DNA sections for profiling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does DNA profiling contribute to forensic science according to the text?

<p>By revolutionizing identification processes with stringent accuracy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ethical concern arises from the potential revelation of sensitive information through DNA profiling?

<p>Discrimination against individuals with genetic abnormalities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to handle the interpretation of DNA profiles with caution?

<p>To prevent misuse of sensitive genetic information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of paternity and maternity testing mentioned in the text?

<p>Confirming biological relationships by comparing DNA profiles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant factor that necessitates careful consideration in the application of DNA profiling?

<p>Misinterpretation and lab inconsistencies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the revelation of sensitive information like HIV status or genetic abnormalities through DNA profiling a cause for concern?

<p>It could result in insurance denial or discrimination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation mentioned in the text regarding the accessibility of DNA profiling?

<p>Limited DNA sections available for profiling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why must DNA profiling be conducted with stringent accuracy, ethical standards, and respect for privacy?

<p>To ensure credibility and protect individuals' sensitive information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of pattern is generated in DNA profiling?

<p>A pattern of lines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is caution advised in interpreting DNA profiles?

<p>To avoid misinterpretation caused by human error and other factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes DNA profiling a valuable tool for identification purposes?

<p>The presence of distinct DNA profiles in each individual (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to potential false identifications in DNA profiling?

<p>Presence of non-unique DNA regions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When comparing DNA profiles, what is the focus of the comparison?

<p>Spacing, thickness, and intensity of the bands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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