Questions and Answers
Write out the full name of DNA.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What is a gene?
A segment of DNA that codes for a trait
Where in the cell are chromosomes located?
Nucleus of the cell
DNA can be found in what two organelles?
Signup and view all the answers
What two scientists established the structure of DNA?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the shape of DNA?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the sides of the DNA ladder made of?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the rungs of the DNA ladder made of?
Signup and view all the answers
What sugar is found in DNA?
Signup and view all the answers
What sugar is found in RNA?
Signup and view all the answers
The two purines in DNA are?
Signup and view all the answers
How do the bases bond together?
Signup and view all the answers
DNA is made of repeating units called?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is RNA necessary to act as a messenger?
Signup and view all the answers
Why can't the code be taken directly from the DNA?
Signup and view all the answers
Proteins are made where in the cell?
Signup and view all the answers
How do some cells become brain cells and others become skin cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is DNA called the Blueprint of Life?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
DNA Overview
- Full name of DNA is Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
- DNA consists of segments called genes, which code for specific traits.
DNA Structure and Location
- Chromosomes, which contain DNA, are located in the nucleus of the cell.
- DNA is found in chloroplasts and mitochondria, indicating its role in energy and photosynthesis.
Discovery and Shape
- The DNA structure was established by scientists James Watson and Frances Crick.
- DNA has a double helix shape, resembling a spiral ladder.
DNA Ladder Components
- The sides of the DNA ladder are composed of alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate molecules.
- The rungs of the DNA ladder consist of nitrogenous bases: thymine, adenine, guanine, and cytosine.
Sugar in DNA and RNA
- The sugar found in DNA is deoxyribose, while ribose is the sugar found in RNA.
DNA Bases and Bonding
- The two purines in DNA are adenine and guanine.
- Base pairing occurs as adenine bonds with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine.
Fundamental Units
- DNA is made up of repeating structural units known as nucleotides.
RNA Functionality
- RNA serves as a messenger by transporting the genetic "message" from DNA to ribosomes, which are the sites of protein synthesis.
- RNA is preferred over direct DNA code transfer due to its speed.
Protein Synthesis
- Proteins are synthesized in the ribosome, which reads the RNA message to assemble amino acids into proteins.
Cell Specialization
- While all cells share the same DNA, differentiation into specific cell types (e.g., brain cells, skin cells) occurs due to the selective expression of genes.
DNA Significance
- DNA is referred to as the "Blueprint of Life" because it carries the complete genetic instructions needed for the development and functioning of all living organisms.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on DNA with these flashcards. From the full name of DNA to its location in the cell, this quiz covers essential concepts about genetics. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of deoxyribonucleic acid and its functions.
