DNA Mutation and Genotoxicity
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Questions and Answers

What is a mutation in DNA?

  • A physical damage to the DNA molecule
  • A change in a base pair to a non-natural base pair
  • A complete breakdown of DNA structure
  • A change in a base pair to another natural base pair (correct)

    • What is the term used to describe DNA damage that is likely to lead to a mutation?

  • Pyrogenic
  • Genotoxic (correct)
  • Cytotoxic
  • Mutagenic

    • What is the result of the mispairing of ethyl-G with T during DNA replication?

  • Conversion of the normal G-C pair to a C-G pair
  • Conversion of the normal A-T pair to a G-C pair
  • Conversion of the normal G-C pair to an A-T pair (correct)
  • Conversion of the normal T-A pair to a C-G pair

    • What is the role of DNA replication in mutation?

    <p>It converts DNA damage to mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of DNA damage is caused by alkylating agents?

    <p>Base modifications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cellular mechanisms involve DNA replication to deal with DNA damage?

    <p>Both bacterial and eukaryotic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of radiation causes pyrimidine dimers?

    <p>Ultraviolet radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    DNA Mutation and Damage

    • A mutation is a change in a base pair, such as from a G-C pair to an A-T pair, which is a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence.
    • DNA damage, on the other hand, is a chemical alteration to DNA that can be repaired, such as the change from a G-C pair to an ethyl-G-C pair.
    • Genotoxic DNA damage is likely to lead to a mutation, and an example of this is the ethyl-G damage that can mispair with T instead of C during DNA replication.

    Conversion of DNA Damage to Mutation

    • The conversion of DNA damage to a mutation requires DNA replication, as illustrated in the example of ethyl-G damage.
    • In this example, the ethyl-G damage can lead to the mispairing of T with ethyl-G, resulting in the conversion of a normal G-C pair to an A-T pair (a true mutation).

    Types of DNA Damage

    • Two common examples of DNA damage are:
      • Base modifications caused by alkylating agents
      • Pyrimidine dimers caused by ultraviolet radiation

    Cellular Response to DNA Damage

    • Bacterial and eukaryotic cells have mechanisms to deal with DNA damage, most of which involve DNA replication.
    • These mechanisms are important for repairing DNA damage and preventing mutations.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the concept of DNA mutations, DNA damage, and genotoxicity. Learn how changes in base pairs affect DNA and understand the difference between DNA damage and mutations.

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