Questions and Answers
What does the DNA molecule look like?
a twisted ladder
How do you think a DNA molecule makes a copy of itself?
it splits and untwists
What are the two DNA components shown in the Gizmo?
nucleoside and phosphate
How many different nitrogenous bases do you see?
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What makes up the sides of the DNA molecule?
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What makes up the rungs of the DNA molecule?
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Adenine joins to?
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Cytosine joins to?
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Thymine joins to?
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Guanine joins to?
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What does the enzyme DNA helicase do to the DNA molecule?
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What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
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Why is DNA replication such an important process?
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What is chromatin?
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Study Notes
DNA Structure and Function
- DNA resembles a twisted ladder, also referred to as a double helix.
- During replication, DNA molecules split and untwist to form two identical strands.
- Key components of DNA include nucleosides and phosphates.
Nitrogenous Bases
- There are four nitrogenous bases in DNA: Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), and Thymine (T).
- The sides of the DNA ladder are composed of phosphates and sugar.
- The rungs of the ladder are formed by pairs of nitrogenous bases.
Base Pairing Rules
- Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T).
- Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G).
- This base pairing is crucial for accurate DNA replication.
Enzymatic Process in DNA Replication
- DNA helicase is an enzyme that splits DNA into two strands during replication.
- A nucleotide consists of three components: phosphate, sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
Importance of DNA Replication
- DNA replication is essential for cell growth and division.
- Without replication, cells would be unable to grow or reproduce.
Additional Terminology
- Chromatin is a complex of DNA and protein found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, which condenses to form chromosomes during cell division.
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Description
Test your knowledge about DNA with these flashcards. This interactive quiz covers the structure of DNA, its replication process, and the components that make it up. Perfect for biology students looking to reinforce their understanding of genetics.
