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DNA Molecule Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What does the DNA molecule look like?

a twisted ladder

How do you think a DNA molecule makes a copy of itself?

it splits and untwists

What are the two DNA components shown in the Gizmo?

nucleoside and phosphate

How many different nitrogenous bases do you see?

4 (Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Thymine) Signup and view all the answers

What makes up the sides of the DNA molecule?

phosphates and sugar Signup and view all the answers

What makes up the rungs of the DNA molecule?

nitrogenous bases Signup and view all the answers

Adenine joins to?

Thymine Signup and view all the answers

Cytosine joins to?

Guanine Signup and view all the answers

Thymine joins to?

Adenine Signup and view all the answers

Guanine joins to?

Cytosine Signup and view all the answers

What does the enzyme DNA helicase do to the DNA molecule?

It splits it in half Signup and view all the answers

What are the three parts of a nucleotide?

phosphate, sugar and nitrogenous base Signup and view all the answers

Why is DNA replication such an important process?

Because a cell cannot grow and reproduce (or divide) unless DNA has been replicated. Signup and view all the answers

What is chromatin?

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Study Notes

DNA Structure and Function

DNA resembles a twisted ladder, also referred to as a double helix.
During replication, DNA molecules split and untwist to form two identical strands.
Key components of DNA include nucleosides and phosphates.

Nitrogenous Bases

There are four nitrogenous bases in DNA: Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), and Thymine (T).
The sides of the DNA ladder are composed of phosphates and sugar.
The rungs of the ladder are formed by pairs of nitrogenous bases.

Base Pairing Rules

Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T).
Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G).
This base pairing is crucial for accurate DNA replication.

Enzymatic Process in DNA Replication

DNA helicase is an enzyme that splits DNA into two strands during replication.
A nucleotide consists of three components: phosphate, sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

Importance of DNA Replication

DNA replication is essential for cell growth and division.
Without replication, cells would be unable to grow or reproduce.

Additional Terminology

Chromatin is a complex of DNA and protein found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, which condenses to form chromosomes during cell division.

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Description

Test your knowledge about DNA with these flashcards. This interactive quiz covers the structure of DNA, its replication process, and the components that make it up. Perfect for biology students looking to reinforce their understanding of genetics.