DNA Electrophoresis Buffer Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the running buffer in DNA electrophoresis?

  • To give DNA the color so it can be seen when loaded in the gel
  • To maintain a constant pH and provide ions for conductivity (correct)
  • To visualize separated DNA molecules
  • To increase the density of the DNA samples

    • Which buffers are commonly used in gel preparation for DNA electrophoresis?

  • Acetic acid and citric acid
  • Tris Borate EDTA (TBE) and Tris Acetate EDTA (TAE) (correct)
  • Ammonium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid
  • Sodium chloride and potassium sulfate

    • What is the purpose of adding a loading buffer to DNA samples before loading them in the gel?

  • To increase the density of the DNA samples so they sink in the wells (correct)
  • To maintain a constant pH and provide ions for conductivity
  • To visualize separated DNA molecules
  • To give DNA the color so it can be seen when loaded in the gel

    • What is the purpose of the colored dye in the loading buffer for DNA samples?

    <p>To monitor the progression of DNA molecules and ensure they do not escape from the gel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a density agent added to the loading buffer for DNA samples?

    <p>To increase the density of the DNA samples so they sink in the wells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the power source in DNA electrophoresis?

    <p>To move the DNA samples from cathode to anode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does DNA move towards the positive end during electrophoresis?

    <p>Due to negatively charged phosphate groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Healthcare Epidemiology?

    <p>Preventing disease transmission in healthcare settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common types of nosocomial infections?

    <p>Urinary tract infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) include?

    <p>Infections acquired inside healthcare facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the aims of Healthcare Epidemiology?

    <p>To protect patients and staff from infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Infection prevention and control (IPC) measures cover?

    <p>Policy development and implementation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Community-Associated Infections?

    <p>Infections that appear outside healthcare facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Iatrogenic Infections?

    <p>Infections due to medical or surgical intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    1

    <p>Infections appearing in healthcare settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) include?

    <p>Infections acquired inside healthcare facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major factors contributing to nosocomial infections?

    <p>Increased number of immunocompromised patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathogen is differentiated from Staphylococcus aureus by being more resistant to antibiotics and found on our skin more?

    <p>Coagulase-negative staphylococci (S. epidermidis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathogen is a spore-forming, anaerobic, Gram-positive bacillus and an important cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis?

    <p>Clostridium difficile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Gram-negative bacillus is commonly found in wet environments and is resistant to antibiotics and sterilization techniques?

    <p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacteria are included in the multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (MDR-GNB)?

    <p>Bacteria producing extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPEs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathogen is part of the normal flora in the colon and can cause intra-abdominal, liver, and urinary tract infections?

    <p>Escherichia coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathogen is found in the environment, causes RT and bloodstream infections, and resists antibiotics and sterilization techniques?

    <p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Healthcare Epidemiology?

    <p>Studying the occurrence of disease within healthcare settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Infection prevention and control (IPC) measures cover?

    <p>Education of healthcare personnel in infection control practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the aims of Healthcare Epidemiology?

    <p>Protecting patients from acquiring infection in healthcare facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) include?

    <p>Infections that were not present at the time of admission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Community-Associated Infections?

    <p>Infections acquired outside healthcare facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Iatrogenic Infections?

    <p>Infections caused by medical or surgical intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of nosocomial infection?

    <p>Gastrointestinal infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Healthcare-onset infections?

    <p>Appearing inside healthcare settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Surveillance measures in Healthcare Epidemiology?

    <p>Monitoring the occurrence of diseases in healthcare settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of infection is considered a Community-Onset Infection?

    <p>Infection acquired outside healthcare facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major factor contributing to nosocomial infections?

    <p>Increased number of immunocompromised patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pathogens is part of the colonic normal flora and is an important cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea?

    <p>Clostridium difficile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Gram-negative bacillus is commonly found in wet environments and is resistant to antibiotics and sterilization techniques?

    <p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates Coagulase-ve staph. (S. epidermidis) from Staphylococcus aureus?

    <p>Strong adhesion to biomaterial surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacteria are included in the multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (MDR-GNB)?

    <p>Bacteria producing extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPEs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of infections can be caused by Enterobacteriaceae, part of the normal flora in the colon?

    <p>Intra-abdominal/liver/urinary tract infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pathogen is differentiated from Staphylococcus aureus by being more resistant to antibiotics and found on our skin more?

    <p>Coagulase-ve staph. (S. epidermidis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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