DNA Electrophoresis Buffer Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the running buffer in DNA electrophoresis?

  • To give DNA the color so it can be seen when loaded in the gel
  • To maintain a constant pH and provide ions for conductivity (correct)
  • To visualize separated DNA molecules
  • To increase the density of the DNA samples

Which buffers are commonly used in gel preparation for DNA electrophoresis?

  • Acetic acid and citric acid
  • Tris Borate EDTA (TBE) and Tris Acetate EDTA (TAE) (correct)
  • Ammonium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid
  • Sodium chloride and potassium sulfate

What is the purpose of adding a loading buffer to DNA samples before loading them in the gel?

  • To increase the density of the DNA samples so they sink in the wells (correct)
  • To maintain a constant pH and provide ions for conductivity
  • To visualize separated DNA molecules
  • To give DNA the color so it can be seen when loaded in the gel

What is the purpose of the colored dye in the loading buffer for DNA samples?

<p>To monitor the progression of DNA molecules and ensure they do not escape from the gel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is a density agent added to the loading buffer for DNA samples?

<p>To increase the density of the DNA samples so they sink in the wells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the power source in DNA electrophoresis?

<p>To move the DNA samples from cathode to anode (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does DNA move towards the positive end during electrophoresis?

<p>Due to negatively charged phosphate groups (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Healthcare Epidemiology?

<p>Preventing disease transmission in healthcare settings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common types of nosocomial infections?

<p>Urinary tract infections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) include?

<p>Infections acquired inside healthcare facilities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the aims of Healthcare Epidemiology?

<p>To protect patients and staff from infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Infection prevention and control (IPC) measures cover?

<p>Policy development and implementation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Community-Associated Infections?

<p>Infections that appear outside healthcare facilities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Iatrogenic Infections?

<p>Infections due to medical or surgical intervention (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

1

<p>Infections appearing in healthcare settings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) include?

<p>Infections acquired inside healthcare facilities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the major factors contributing to nosocomial infections?

<p>Increased number of immunocompromised patients (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathogen is differentiated from Staphylococcus aureus by being more resistant to antibiotics and found on our skin more?

<p>Coagulase-negative staphylococci (S. epidermidis) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathogen is a spore-forming, anaerobic, Gram-positive bacillus and an important cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis?

<p>Clostridium difficile (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Gram-negative bacillus is commonly found in wet environments and is resistant to antibiotics and sterilization techniques?

<p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacteria are included in the multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (MDR-GNB)?

<p>Bacteria producing extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPEs) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathogen is part of the normal flora in the colon and can cause intra-abdominal, liver, and urinary tract infections?

<p>Escherichia coli (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathogen is found in the environment, causes RT and bloodstream infections, and resists antibiotics and sterilization techniques?

<p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Healthcare Epidemiology?

<p>Studying the occurrence of disease within healthcare settings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Infection prevention and control (IPC) measures cover?

<p>Education of healthcare personnel in infection control practices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the aims of Healthcare Epidemiology?

<p>Protecting patients from acquiring infection in healthcare facilities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) include?

<p>Infections that were not present at the time of admission (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Community-Associated Infections?

<p>Infections acquired outside healthcare facilities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Iatrogenic Infections?

<p>Infections caused by medical or surgical intervention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of nosocomial infection?

<p>Gastrointestinal infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Healthcare-onset infections?

<p>Appearing inside healthcare settings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Surveillance measures in Healthcare Epidemiology?

<p>Monitoring the occurrence of diseases in healthcare settings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of infection is considered a Community-Onset Infection?

<p>Infection acquired outside healthcare facilities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major factor contributing to nosocomial infections?

<p>Increased number of immunocompromised patients (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pathogens is part of the colonic normal flora and is an important cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea?

<p>Clostridium difficile (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Gram-negative bacillus is commonly found in wet environments and is resistant to antibiotics and sterilization techniques?

<p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates Coagulase-ve staph. (S. epidermidis) from Staphylococcus aureus?

<p>Strong adhesion to biomaterial surfaces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacteria are included in the multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (MDR-GNB)?

<p>Bacteria producing extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPEs) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of infections can be caused by Enterobacteriaceae, part of the normal flora in the colon?

<p>Intra-abdominal/liver/urinary tract infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What pathogen is differentiated from Staphylococcus aureus by being more resistant to antibiotics and found on our skin more?

<p>Coagulase-ve staph. (S. epidermidis) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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