Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of DNA extraction in medical genetics?
To identify mutations or diseases
What is the purpose of PCR in molecular biology?
To amplify a single copy or a few copies of a segment of DNA
What is the function of Taq DNA Polymerase in PCR?
Catalyses primer extension as nucleotides are added
What is the purpose of Tris-EDTA (TE) buffer in DNA extraction?
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Which step of the PCR cycle involves denaturation by heat?
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What does PCR stand for?
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What is the main purpose of DNA isolation?
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What is the role of biotinylated primers in PCR?
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Which technique is used to make a large number of copies of a gene or gene segments?
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What is the final product of PCR?
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What is the function of agarose gel in electrophoresis?
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What is the role of ethidium bromide in DNA electrophoresis?
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What is the purpose of a DNA ladder in gel electrophoresis?
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What is the function of loading dye in gel electrophoresis?
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What does a buffer solution contain in the context of gel electrophoresis?
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What is the primary factor that determines the migration of DNA in gel electrophoresis?
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Electrophoresis separates molecules based on charge, not size or shape
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Agarose gel is derived from animal sources
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The DNA ladder is used to determine the charge of an unknown DNA sample
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Ethidium bromide is used to detect DNA following gel electrophoresis
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The power supply is a source of electric current for gel electrophoresis
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DNA is positively charged and migrates towards the negative electrode in gel electrophoresis
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The primary function of the loading dye is to prevent sample floating during electrophoresis
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The micropipettes are used for transferring large volumes of reagents in molecular biology labs
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DNA extraction involves only chemical methods and does not require any mechanical processes.
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The purpose of PCR is to amplify a single copy or a few copies of a segment of RNA.
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The function of Taq DNA Polymerase in PCR is to catalyze the extension of RNA primers.
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The DNA storage buffer, Tris-EDTA (TE) buffer, is used in DNA extraction to prevent RNA degradation.
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PCR Cycle - Step 2 involves denaturation by heat.
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The purpose of DNA extraction is to isolate DNA for genotyping, forensics, and paternity testing, but it is not used in medical genetics to identify mutations or diseases.
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PCR is a technique used in molecular biology to amplify DNA segments, but it cannot generate millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence.
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What is the role of ethidium bromide in DNA electrophoresis?
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What is the function of agarose gel in electrophoresis?
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What is the primary factor that determines the migration of DNA in gel electrophoresis?
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What is the purpose of a DNA ladder in gel electrophoresis?
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What is the purpose of Tris-EDTA (TE) buffer in DNA extraction?
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Study Notes
- DNA extraction: a process for purifying DNA from samples using physical and chemical methods, used in science and medicine for genotyping, forensics, paternity testing, and medical genetics to identify mutations or diseases.
- Steps for DNA extraction: digestion (mechanical and chemical), precipitation with ice cold ethanol, and storage in Tris-EDTA (TE) buffer to prevent degradation.
- PCR (polymerase chain reaction): molecular biology technique for amplifying a single or few copies of DNA segments, generating thousands to millions of copies for large-scale analysis.
- PCR cycle: denaturation (heat) of target sequence, annealing of biotinylated primers to target ends, and primer extension by Taq DNA Polymerase with added nucleotides.
- Exponential amplification: number of amplicon copies doubles with each cycle, e.g. 2 copies after 1 cycle, 4 after 2 cycles, 64 after 6 cycles.
- DNA electrophoresis: procedure for separating DNA or proteins through a stationary gel in an electric field based on size, charge, and conformation.
- Agarose gel electrophoresis: made from agar, a polysaccharide derived from seaweed, and ethidium bromide is used to detect DNA by staining and emitting fluorescence under UV light.
- DNA ladder: a reference sample with known DNA sizes used to compare unknown DNA in gel electrophoresis, appearing as regularly spaced bands.
- Precise pipetting: essential skill for molecular biology lab tasks, which involves accurately transferring small volumes of reagents using micropipettes.
- Micropipettes: come in various sizes for aspirating small (1-5 uL), medium (20-50 uL), and large (100-500 uL) volumes.
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Description
Test your knowledge of DNA extraction, PCR, and DNA electrophoresis with this quiz. Learn about the process of purifying DNA from samples, its applications in genotyping, forensics, paternity testing, and medical genetics, as well as the steps involved in DNA extraction.
