DNA Damage and Gene Mutations Quiz

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What characteristic is typically seen in the ulcer of a rodent ulcer?

Rounded edge

Irregular edge

Eroded edge (correct)

Smooth edge

In basal cell carcinoma, how are the basal cells arranged in the dermis?

Randomly

In a palisade manner (correct)

In a honeycomb pattern

In glandular patterns

Which benign tumor is composed of fibrous tissue?

Lipoma

Chondroma

Fibroma (correct)

Osteoma

What differentiates carcinoma in situ from invasive carcinoma?

Intact basement membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which tumor arises from smooth muscle cells?

Leiomyoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical presentation of a fibroma?

Fibrous tissue growth Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mutation is most commonly associated with cancer?

Somatic mutations Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of all cancers are caused by germline mutations?

5% Signup and view all the answers

Which type of genes are responsible for monitoring the rate of cell division and controlling apoptosis?

Tumor suppressor genes Signup and view all the answers

What are recessive mutations in tumor suppressor genes associated with?

Induction of cancer Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mutations are present normally as proto-oncogenes and are involved in cell growth?

Oncogene mutations Signup and view all the answers

What protective events occur after DNA damage?

Arrest of cell division, activation of DNA repair enzymes or induction of apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

Which type of papilloma is considered precancerous?

Columnar cell papilloma Signup and view all the answers

Which gland is most commonly affected by a pituitary adenoma?

Pituitary Signup and view all the answers

Which tumor arises from the mucosa of the GIT and gall bladder?

Adenomatous polyp Signup and view all the answers

Which malignant tumor causes transmural growth and narrowing?

Infiltrating carcinoma Signup and view all the answers

Which benign tumor arises from the secretory or glandular epithelium?

Adenoma Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tumor is formed of differentiated cells as the original gland and is capsulated?

Adenoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of tumor angiogenesis?

To provide a source of blood supply for the tumor Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in tumor angiogenesis?

It induces capillary growth Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a characteristic of cancer stem cells?

They are a major population in tumor cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a benign tumor arising from surface epithelium?

Papilloma Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of tumor angiogenesis?

Secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of cancer stem cells in tumor therapy?

They are a major target for specific therapies Signup and view all the answers

What type of tumor is a teratoma?

Benign tumor composed of mature tissue representing at least 2 embryonic layers Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of teratomas?

From pluripotent stem cells as germ cells and embryonal cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of sarcoma?

Liposarcoma Signup and view all the answers

What type of tumor is a nevus?

Benign tumor of pigmented cells Signup and view all the answers

What is a hamartoma?

Focal malformation that consists of the same tissue elements normally found at that site but they are growing in a disorganized manner Signup and view all the answers

What is a para-neoplastic syndrome?

Disorders that result from substances produced by the tumor (hormones or cytokines) Signup and view all the answers