DNA Damage and Gene Mutations Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What characteristic is typically seen in the ulcer of a rodent ulcer?

  • Rounded edge
  • Irregular edge
  • Eroded edge (correct)
  • Smooth edge

In basal cell carcinoma, how are the basal cells arranged in the dermis?

  • Randomly
  • In a palisade manner (correct)
  • In a honeycomb pattern
  • In glandular patterns

Which benign tumor is composed of fibrous tissue?

  • Lipoma
  • Chondroma
  • Fibroma (correct)
  • Osteoma

What differentiates carcinoma in situ from invasive carcinoma?

<p>Intact basement membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tumor arises from smooth muscle cells?

<p>Leiomyoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical presentation of a fibroma?

<p>Fibrous tissue growth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mutation is most commonly associated with cancer?

<p>Somatic mutations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of all cancers are caused by germline mutations?

<p>5% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of genes are responsible for monitoring the rate of cell division and controlling apoptosis?

<p>Tumor suppressor genes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are recessive mutations in tumor suppressor genes associated with?

<p>Induction of cancer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mutations are present normally as proto-oncogenes and are involved in cell growth?

<p>Oncogene mutations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What protective events occur after DNA damage?

<p>Arrest of cell division, activation of DNA repair enzymes or induction of apoptosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of papilloma is considered precancerous?

<p>Columnar cell papilloma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gland is most commonly affected by a pituitary adenoma?

<p>Pituitary (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tumor arises from the mucosa of the GIT and gall bladder?

<p>Adenomatous polyp (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which malignant tumor causes transmural growth and narrowing?

<p>Infiltrating carcinoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which benign tumor arises from the secretory or glandular epithelium?

<p>Adenoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tumor is formed of differentiated cells as the original gland and is capsulated?

<p>Adenoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of tumor angiogenesis?

<p>To provide a source of blood supply for the tumor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in tumor angiogenesis?

<p>It induces capillary growth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a characteristic of cancer stem cells?

<p>They are a major population in tumor cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a benign tumor arising from surface epithelium?

<p>Papilloma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of tumor angiogenesis?

<p>Secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of cancer stem cells in tumor therapy?

<p>They are a major target for specific therapies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tumor is a teratoma?

<p>Benign tumor composed of mature tissue representing at least 2 embryonic layers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of teratomas?

<p>From pluripotent stem cells as germ cells and embryonal cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of sarcoma?

<p>Liposarcoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tumor is a nevus?

<p>Benign tumor of pigmented cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a hamartoma?

<p>Focal malformation that consists of the same tissue elements normally found at that site but they are growing in a disorganized manner (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a para-neoplastic syndrome?

<p>Disorders that result from substances produced by the tumor (hormones or cytokines) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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