unit 1 cc7

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Questions and Answers

What is DNA?

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material that carries the instructions for building and maintaining an organism.

What are the components of a nucleotide?

A sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

How are the two strands of DNA held together?

The two strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases.

What are the specific base pairings in DNA?

Adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), and guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C). Signup and view all the answers

What is genomic DNA?

Genomic DNA is the DNA that is found in the nucleus of the cell and contains the genes that code for all of the proteins in the organism. Signup and view all the answers

Where is mitochondrial DNA found?

Mitochondrial DNA is found in the mitochondria, the organelles that produce energy for the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of chloroplast DNA?

Chloroplast DNA is found in the chloroplasts and is responsible for carrying out photosynthesis. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of genetic material?

DNA and RNA are the two main types of genetic material. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of RNA?

RNA is responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information. Signup and view all the answers

What is denaturation and renaturation in the context of DNA?

Denaturation is the process of separating the two strands of DNA, while renaturation is the process of reannealing the two strands of DNA. Signup and view all the answers

What are Cot curves and how can they be used?

Cot curves are plots of the concentration of renatured DNA versus the time of renaturation. They can be used to estimate the size and complexity of a DNA sample. Signup and view all the answers

Define DNA topology and linking number.

DNA topology is the study of the three-dimensional structure of DNA. The linking number is a measure of the number of times the two strands of DNA are intertwined. Signup and view all the answers

What are topoisomerases and what is their function?

Topoisomerases are enzymes that change the linking number of DNA. Signup and view all the answers

How is DNA organized in prokaryotes?

Prokaryotes have a single circular chromosome. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the DNA structures found in viruses.

Viruses have a variety of DNA structures, including linear and circular chromosomes. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the organization of DNA in eukaryotes.

Eukaryotes have multiple linear chromosomes that are located in the nucleus of the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of RNA?

RNA is a single-stranded molecule composed of nucleotides, each made up of a sugar (ribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. Signup and view all the answers