Diversity in the Living World

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Questions and Answers

According to binomial nomenclature rules, which of the following is the correct way to write a scientific name?

  • _Mangifera indica_
  • Mangifera Indica
  • Mangifera indica
  • Mangifera indica Linn (correct)

According to the ICBN, it is acceptable to start generic and specific names with small letters.

False (B)

Which of the following is NOT a universal rule of nomenclature?

  • The second word is a specific epithet.
  • Biological names can be written in any language. (correct)
  • Names are written in Latin and are italicized.
  • The first word in a biological name represents the genus name.

Which of the following organisms is scientifically correctly named and described?

<p><em>Felis tigris</em> - The Indian tiger, well protected in Gir forests (D)</p>
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What does ICBN stand for?

<p>International Code of Botanical Nomenclature</p>
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What is the main goal of biosystematics?

<p>Classifying organisms by evolutionary history and phylogeny (A)</p>
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Individuals of the same species can undergo __________.

<p>interbreeding</p>
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Who wrote the book 'Genera Plantarum'?

<p>Bentham and Hooker (B)</p>
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Linnaeus is credited with the discovery of the microscope.

<p>False (B)</p>
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Who introduced the term 'New Systematics'?

<p>Julian Huxley (A)</p>
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Match the following taxonomic categories in ascending order:

<p>Species = Genus Genus = Family Family = Order Order = Class</p>
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Which of the following organisms belongs to the family Muscidae?

<p>House fly (B)</p>
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Match the column I with column II for the housefly classification:

<p>Family = Muscidae Order = Diptera Class = Insecta Phylum = Arthropoda</p>
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Which of the following statements are correct?

<p>Biological species are reproductively isolated from other such groups. (B), In unicellular organisms, reproduction is synonymous with growth. (D)</p>
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Tomato and potato share maximum common characteristics at which taxonomic level?

<p>Family (A)</p>
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Which of the following animal's taxonomic classification is correctly matched?

<p>Tiger - <em>tigris</em>, the species (A)</p>
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Species are considered artificial concept of human mind.

<p>False (B)</p>
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What is the practical reason for the classification of living organisms?

<p>To facilitate identification of unknown organisms (B)</p>
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A 'taxon' represents a unit of what?

<p>Taxonomy (B)</p>
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Which of the following sequences represents the correct order of taxonomic categories?

<p>division-class-order-family-tribe-genus-species (C)</p>
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Which scientist coined the term 'phylum'?

<p>Haeckel</p>
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A group of plants or animals with similar traits of any rank is called:

<p>taxon (D)</p>
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Who proposed the static concept of species?

<p>Linnaeus (A)</p>
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Which of the following aspects is an exclusive characteristic of living things?

<p>Perception of events happening in the environment and their memory (C)</p>
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Biological organization starts with which level?

<p>Submicroscopic molecular level (D)</p>
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Living organisms can be unexceptionally distinguished from non-living things based on the ability for:

<p>interaction with the environment and progressive evolution (D)</p>
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What is the most important feature of all living systems?

<p>Replicate the genetic information (B)</p>
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Match the terms with the scientific description

<p>ICBN = International Code of Botanical Nomenclature Systema Naturae = Carolus Linnaeus (1735), Binomial nomenclature</p>
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All organisms, can reproduce

<p>False (B)</p>
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Living organisms have their own specific form and __________.

<p>structure</p>
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How do biologists classify a new organism?

<p>By comparing its characteristics to existing or new organisms (D)</p>
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Linnaeus's system of classification groups organisms into a hierarchy of taxa. Which of the following best describes the relationship between these taxa?

<p>Taxa are nested within each other, with broader groups encompassing narrower ones. (D)</p>
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Each large groups is not divided into smaller groups in which greater similarities exist

<p>False (B)</p>
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Which one of the following properties is NOT usually considered when studying the diversity of living things?

<p>Size (A)</p>
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Match the terms and definitions:

<p>Taxonomy = The scientific study of naming, defining and classifying groups of organisms Systematics = The study of evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms</p>
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One goal of modern taxonomy is to create a system that reflects evolutionary relationships. How has the advent of genetic sequencing methods affected this?

<p>Genetic sequencing provides new data that can confirm or refute earlier hypotheses based on morphology and other methods. (B)</p>
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Individuals that exist in different niches can interbreed

<p>False (B)</p>
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A static concept of species was proposed by __________.

<p>Carolus Linnaeus</p>
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Which term specifically refers to the evolutionary history of a species or group of species?

<p>Phylogeny (C)</p>
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According to Ernst Mayr, species that actually or potentially interbreeding belong to Biological Species

<p>True (A)</p>
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Species are fixed and __________ units

<p>immutable</p>
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Flashcards

Binomial Nomenclature

A system for naming organisms using two words: the genus and specific epithet.

Biosystematics

Taxonomic classification that aims to classify organisms by their evolutionary history and phylogeny using many parameters.

Biological Species

Groups of potentially interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated.

Exclusive characteristic of living things?

Fundamental traits; ability to sense the environment and respond, and memory.

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Taxon

A taxonomic rank; a group of plants/animals with similar characteristics.

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Classification purpose

The practical purpose is to make it easier to find and identify organisms.

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ICBN Rule Violation

Genus and specific names should be written starting with small letters.

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Binomial nomenclature

Nomenclature where each organism has two names.

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Who created binomial nomenclature?

Linnaeus is credited with this.

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Taxonomic categories

Hierarchical system with seven main ranks: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

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What is taxon?

This is the term for a taxonomic unit at any level.

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Correct scientific writing

First word naming the genus begins with a capital letter, while the species begins with small letter.

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Same species trait

Individuals can interbreed.

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Bentham & Hooker

Book 'Genera Plantarum'

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Biosystematics

Classification of organisms based on their evolutionary history.

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Study Notes

  • The chapter is about the living world and diversity within it
  • Focus is on the scientific naming and classification of organisms, along with unique characteristics of living things

Diversity in the Living World

  • Scientific names are composed of a genus and a specific epithet
  • First word (genus) starts with a capital letter, second word (specific epithet) starts with a small letter
  • Scientific names are written in italics or underlined when handwritten
  • ICBN stands for International Code of Botanical Nomenclature
  • Biosystematics classifies based on evolutionary history and phylogeny
  • Individuals of the same species can interbreed
  • Carolus Linnaeus introduced binomial nomenclature
  • Julian Huxley coined the term "New Systematics"

Taxonomic Categories

  • Hierarchical order in ascending order for animals: Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom
  • Musca domestica (housefly) belongs to the Family Muscidae
  • Taxonomic categories in correct sequence: division-class-order-family-tribe-genus-species
  • Ernst Mayr defined biological species based on interbreeding populations
  • Tomato and potato share maximum characteristics at the family level
  • Phylum was termed by Haeckel
  • A taxon is a group of plants or animals with similar traits of any rank
  • Linnaeus proposed the static concept of species
  • The most exclusive characteristic of living things is perception of events in the environment and memory
  • Biological organization starts at the submicroscopic molecular level
  • Living organisms are distinguished from non-living by their ability to interact with the environment and progressive evolution
  • The most important feature of all living systems is to replicate genetic information

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