Diversity Exam Review
26 Questions
2 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the focus of the biological species concept?

  • Evolutionary history and shared ancestry.
  • Ability of two organisms to mate and produce viable offspring. (correct)
  • Analysis of DNA sequences and genetic similarities.
  • Comparison of physical measurements and descriptions.

In the taxonomic hierarchy, which level is less specific than 'Family' but more specific than 'Kingdom'?

  • Genus
  • Order (correct)
  • Phylum
  • Class

Which of the following is NOT a domain of life?

  • Bacteria
  • Animalia (correct)
  • Eukaryota
  • Archaea

Comparing proteins between species is an example of which type of evidence for determining evolutionary relationships?

<p>Physiological evidence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of Archaea is specifically known for thriving in extremely hot environments?

<p>Thermophiles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the nodes of a phylogenetic tree represent?

<p>Common ancestors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method by which bacteria reproduce asexually?

<p>Binary Fission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered an ecosystem service?

<p>Genetic engineering (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT typical of prokaryotic cells?

<p>Presence of membrane-bound organelles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bacteria are typically resistant to gram staining and often cause serious diseases?

<p>Gram-negative bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following defines genetic diversity?

<p>Variety of heritable genes in a population of interbreeding individuals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes mutualistic Archaea from other organisms?

<p>They produce energy in oxygen-rich environments. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the hair-like projections that aid in bacterial movement called?

<p>Cilia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure in prokaryotic cells increases their ability to cause disease?

<p>Capsule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the plasma membrane in prokaryotic cells?

<p>Controls the movement of substances in and out (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following shapes describes a spherical bacterium?

<p>Coccus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary composition of the bacterial cell wall?

<p>Peptidoglycan or pseudopeptidoglycan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure helps some bacteria move through their environment?

<p>Flagella (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which prefix indicates that bacteria live in pairs?

<p>Diplo- (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structural feature distinguishes bacteria from archaea?

<p>Peptidoglycan in the cell wall (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial shape is characterized as rod-shaped?

<p>Bacillus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the capsid in a virus?

<p>To protect the genetic material (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes protists from other groups of organisms?

<p>They do not fit into other biological kingdoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of fungi?

<p>Most are unicellular (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reproduction is most commonly associated with protists?

<p>Binary fission (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about viruses is true?

<p>They require a host cell for replication. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Morphological Species Concept

A way to classify species by comparing their physical characteristics, like size, shape, and structures.

Biological Species Concept

This concept defines a species based on its ability to interbreed and produce fertile offspring under natural conditions.

Binomial Nomenclature

A system for naming living things with a two-part name: genus and species.

Taxonomic Categories

Groups of organisms organized in a hierarchical order from most general to most specific.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Phylogeny

The study of the evolutionary history of a species.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Phylogenetic Species Concept

This concept groups organisms based on their shared evolutionary history, even if they don't look alike or interbreed.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Species Diversity

The variety and abundance of species in a particular area.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ecosystem Service

Services provided by natural ecosystems, like clean water, air, and food.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Prokaryotic cells

The smallest type of organism, lacking a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Plasmid

A ring of DNA found in prokaryotic cells, responsible for carrying genetic information.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Flagella

A whip-like structure found in some prokaryotic cells, used for movement.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Capsule

A protective outer layer found in some prokaryotic cells that helps them stick to surfaces and evade white blood cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cell Wall (Prokaryotes)

The rigid outer layer of prokaryotic cells, providing structural support and protection. Made up of peptidoglycans or pseudopeptidoglycans (proteins and sugars).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pili

Hair-like structures found on the surface of prokaryotes, involved in various functions such as attachment, motility, and genetic exchange.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Coccus

A spherical prokaryotic cell. Example: Streptococcus (causes throat infections).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bacillus

A rod-shaped prokaryotic cell. Example: E. coli (causes diarrhea).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Thermophiles

Archaea that can survive and thrive in extremely hot environments.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Halophiles

Archaea that live in extremely salty environments often found in places like salt lakes or salt flats.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Psychrophiles

Archaea that can live in extremely cold environments such as glaciers or polar regions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Binary Fission

A method of reproduction used by bacteria where the cell replicates its DNA and divides into two identical daughter cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Conjugation

A type of bacterial reproduction where genetic information is transferred between bacteria through a plasmid.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is a virus?

A non-living particle that contains genetic material (RNA or DNA) and can only reproduce inside a host cell.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is a capsid?

A protective protein coat that surrounds the genetic material of a virus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is viral replication?

The process where a virus inserts its genetic material into a host cell and uses the cell's machinery to make more viruses.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is a protist?

A eukaryotic organism that is typically unicellular and doesn't fit into any other kingdom.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is binary fission?

A reproductive process common in protists where one cell divides into two identical cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Diversity Exam Review

  • Morphology: Structure and form of organisms
  • Phylogeny: Evolutionary history of a species

Morphological Species Concept

  • Compares measurements and descriptions of similar organisms.

Biological Species Concept

  • If two organisms can mate and produce offspring naturally, they belong to the same species.

Phylogenetic Species Concept

  • Species are clusters of organisms
  • They are distinct from other clusters and show a pattern of relationship
  • Prehistoric species branching into two different species over time is an example.

Binomial Nomenclature

  • Species name
  • First word is the genus name
  • Second word is the species name
  • Genus is capitalized, species name is lowercase and italicized. (Example: Homo sapiens)

Taxonomic Categories

  • In a hierarchy (Less Specific → Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species ←More Specific)
  • Example: Dr Kevin Phil Came Over For Good Soup
  • Domains include Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryota

Evidence of Relationships

  • Anatomical: Size, shape, and physical features of organisms (including internal systems).

  • Physiological: Organism functions (e.g., comparing proteins / genetic similarity).

  • DNA: Comparing DNA sequences to determine genetic similarity.

  • Phylogenetic Trees: Visual representations of hypotheses about evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms.

Additional Information from Pages 2-6

  • Clades: Sections of the phylogenetic tree that showcase descendants from common ancestors
  • Characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells (Archaea & Bacteria): Single-celled, DNA not membrane-bound, small, hard to differentiate, no membrane bound organelles.
  • Bacterial Shapes and Groupings: Coccus (spherical), Bacillus (rod-shaped), Spirillum (spiral).
  • Prefixes for Describing How Bacteria Live: Mono (single cell), Diplo (pairs), Strepto (linear chains), Staphylo (grape clusters)
  • Bacterial Differences (comparing Bacteria and Archaea): Cell membranes and composition of cell walls (peptidoglycan). Bacteria can cause disease ; Archaea cannot.
  • Archaea resembling eukaryotes more than bacteria.
  • Unique characteristics of Archaea: Extremophiles (thermophiles, halophiles, psychrophiles). The production of methane in environments with little or no oxygen is one unique characteristic.
  • Bacteria Characteristics & Cell wall: Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria have different reactions to crystal violet staining (related to cell wall composition). Motility can vary (flagellum and cilia).
  • Bacterial Reproduction: Binary fission (asexual reproduction). Conjugation (transfer of genetic information).
  • Viruses: Infectious, non-living, non-cellular particles
  • Structure of Viruses: Capsid/head, genetic material
  • Protists: Eukaryotic organisms (mostly unicellular). They can be animal-like, fungus-like or plant-like
  • Important Examples of Fungi: Bread mold, yeast, mushrooms.
  • Plants: Multicellular, autotrophs, photosynthesis, vascular and nonvascular plants.
  • Gymnosperms & Angiosperms: Seed plants (naked seeds in Gymnosperms, seeds enclosed in fruit in Angiosperms).
  • Tissue types in plants: Vascular, dermal, ground. Monocot and Dicot plants differ by the number of seed leaves (cotyledons)
  • Animal Kingdom: Multicellular, eukaryotes, heterotrophic, lack cell walls, use oxygen.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Diversity Exam Review PDF

Description

Prepare for your diversity exam with this comprehensive review quiz. Topics covered include morphological and phylogenetic species concepts, binomial nomenclature, and taxonomic categories. Enhance your understanding of how organisms are categorized and their evolutionary relationships.

More Like This

Species Concepts and Nomenclature
5 questions

Species Concepts and Nomenclature

HumourousBerkelium avatar
HumourousBerkelium
Biology: Species, Taxonomy & Energy Concepts
40 questions

Biology: Species, Taxonomy & Energy Concepts

HottestGothicArt9815 avatar
HottestGothicArt9815
Taxonomy Quiz - February 12
5 questions

Taxonomy Quiz - February 12

UpbeatClimax avatar
UpbeatClimax
Species Concepts & Binomial Nomenclature
13 questions

Species Concepts & Binomial Nomenclature

ConfidentMiami7191 avatar
ConfidentMiami7191
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser