Diversification in Mycorrhizal Fungi
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Questions and Answers

Which region indicated the highest diversification rate of ECM fungi according to the study?

  • Australian
  • African
  • Eurasian (correct)
  • Tropical Asia
  • Which tree family was initially associated with the lineages of Strobilomyces and Afroboletus?

  • Caesalpinioideae (correct)
  • Fagaceae
  • Pinaceae
  • Nothofagaceae
  • What factor is suggested to have driven a burst in the diversification of ECM genera?

  • Major host-shift events (correct)
  • Genetic mutations
  • Soil pH levels
  • Climate change
  • Which type of host trees in Eurasian regions triggered a rapid radiation of the ECM fungi?

    <p>Fagaceous (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of trees were Strobilomyces and Afroboletus initially associated with in African regions?

    <p>Caesalpinioideae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many species of ectomycorrhizal fungi are estimated globally?

    <p>20,000 - 25,000 species (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fungal group do the majority of ectomycorrhizal fungi belong to?

    <p>Basidiomycota (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a family of trees associated with ectomycorrhizal fungi?

    <p>Arecaceae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of chemical signals in the association between mycorrhizal fungi and plant roots?

    <p>Aiding in the establishment of mutualism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes generalist ectomycorrhizal fungi from specialists?

    <p>They form associations with many different plant families (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for plant roots to distinguish between beneficial and harmful microbes?

    <p>To ensure mutualistic relationships and avoid pathogens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lateral branching pattern in roots of plants with ECM associations called?

    <p>Heterorhizy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do short roots normally grow much more slowly than long roots in plants with ECM associations?

    <p>To allow ECM fungi time to form an association (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may create conditions for speciation in ECM fungi as they encounter different environmental conditions?

    <p>Host shifts during association formation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which paper provides evidence that ECM diversification rates increased during hostshift events within the Strobilomyces– Afroboletus clade?

    <p>Sato, H., Tanabe, A.S., &amp; Toju, H. (2017). Host shifts enhance diversification of ectomycorrhizal fungi (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of host plants do Strobilomyces and Afroboletus fungi belong to?

    <p>Fagaceae/Pinaceae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates rapid diversification when observing a phylogenetic tree like the one described in the text?

    <p>The appearance of many species across a short horizontal interval (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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