Diversification in Mycorrhizal Fungi

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Questions and Answers

Where did lineages of Strobilomyces and Afroboletus initially associate with ECM hosts?

  • Eurasian hosts
  • African hosts (correct)
  • Asian hosts
  • Australian hosts

Which region did Strobilomyces and Afroboletus later switch to after being associated with Dipterocarpoideae in tropical Asia?

  • Dipterocarpoideae in tropical Asia
  • Nothofagaceae/Eucalyptus trees in Australia
  • Eurasian temperate trees (correct)
  • African ECM hosts

What major event is believed to have driven a burst in the diversification of ECM genera?

  • Expansion of the distribution range
  • Radiation in tropical Asia
  • Initial association with African hosts
  • Host shifts to temperate host trees (correct)

Which host tree type in the Eurasian regions caused an expansion of the distribution range of ECM fungi?

<p>Fagaceous trees (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What led to a rapid radiation of the fungi according to the study?

<p>Shifts to temperate host trees in Eurasian regions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many species are estimated to belong to ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi globally?

<p>20,000 - 25,000 species (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fungal phyla do ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi predominantly belong to?

<p>Basidiomycota (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a family of dominant trees associated with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi?

<p>Arecaceae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes generalist mycorrhizal fungi from specialist ones?

<p>Specialists have strong host preferences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do mycorrhizal fungi respond to plant roots during association?

<p>They respond to chemical signals emitted by plant roots (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is biochemical 'crosstalk' between mycorrhizal fungi and plants essential?

<p>To establish a mutualistic relationship (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lateral branching pattern in roots of most plants that have ECM associations called?

<p>Heterorhizy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do short roots grow much more slowly than long roots in plants with ECM associations?

<p>To allow ECM fungi time to form an association (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What environmental change could potentially lead to increased diversification rates of ECM fungi?

<p>Encountering different environmental conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

From the paper mentioned, what effect did host shifts have on the diversification rates of ectomycorrhizal fungi?

<p>Increased diversification rates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plants were part of the Fagaceae/Pinaceae host category for Strobilomyces and Afroboletus fungi?

<p>Oak and Pine trees (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does rapid diversification on a phylogenetic tree indicate?

<p>Many species evolving quickly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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