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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule in the kidneys?
What is the primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule in the kidneys?
- Reabsorption of proteins and blood cells
- Reabsorption of glucose, bicarbonate, and amino acids (correct)
- Active transport of Na+ and K+
- Concentration of urine through water reabsorption
Where does most diuretic drugs get delivered to the tubular fluid?
Where does most diuretic drugs get delivered to the tubular fluid?
- Collecting tubule and duct
- Proximal convoluted tubule (correct)
- Ascending loop of Henle
- Distal convoluted tubule
Which part of the nephron is responsible for the active reabsorption of Na+, K+, and Cl−?
Which part of the nephron is responsible for the active reabsorption of Na+, K+, and Cl−?
- Collecting tubule and duct
- Proximal convoluted tubule
- Descending loop of Henle
- Ascending loop of Henle (correct)
How much of the tubular sodium chloride is reabsorbed in the ascending loop of Henle?
How much of the tubular sodium chloride is reabsorbed in the ascending loop of Henle?
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What effect do osmotic diuretics have in the descending loop of Henle?
What effect do osmotic diuretics have in the descending loop of Henle?
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Study Notes
Diuretics
- Increase urine output
- Most diuretics inhibit renal ion transporters
- Inhibit sodium reabsorption in various nephron sites
Normal Renal Fluid & Electrolyte Regulation
- 16-20% of blood entering the kidneys is filtered
- Filtration occurs in the glomerular capillaries, creating filtrate in Bowman's capsule
- Filtrate is protein and cell free and contains glucose, sodium bicarbonate, amino acids, other organic solutes and electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride)
Nephron Functional Zones
- Proximal convoluted tubule
- Located in the renal cortex
- Reabsorbs most glucose, bicarbonate, amino acids, and metabolites
- Site of organic acid and base secretory systems
- Secretes uric acid, some antibiotics, and diuretics from blood into the proximal tubule lumen
- Descending loop of Henle
- Located in the renal medulla
- Responsible for water reabsorption, causing a threefold increase in salt concentration
- Osmotic diuretics exert an effect here
- Ascending loop of Henle
- Impermeable to water
- Active reabsorption of sodium, potassium, and chloride via a sodium/potassium/2 chloride cotransporter
- Magnesium and calcium enter the interstitial fluid via the paracellular pathway
- Approximately 25-30% of tubular sodium chloride returns to the interstitial fluid, maintaining high osmolarity
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