18 Questions
What percentage of potassium from the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubules?
70%
What is the result of inhibiting carbonic anhydrase?
Decreased reabsorption of bicarbonate, sodium, and water
What is the primary site of action for osmotic diuretics?
Proximal convoluted tubules
What is the effect of increased H+ concentration on potassium ion secretion?
Exchanges H+ ions for sodium
Which type of diuretics act on the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?
Frusemide
What is the main function of obligatory water reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubules?
To maintain osmotic balance
What is the primary reason for using diuretics in congestive cardiac failure?
To reduce edema
What is the primary mechanism of action of thiazide diuretics?
Inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubules
What is the approximate flow rate of the filtrate when it reaches the loop of Henle?
25 mL/min
What is the approximate specific gravity of urine with an osmolality of 1200 mosmol/kg?
1.032
Which type of diuretics inhibit sodium reabsorption and are also potassium-sparing?
Aldosterone antagonists
What is the primary purpose of urine analysis in clinical biochemistry?
To detect abnormal constituents in urine
What type of substances are completely reabsorbed and not excreted in urine at normal or low plasma levels?
Threshold substances
What is the primary mechanism of sodium reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubules?
Co-transport mechanism
Which of the following inhibits the sodium-Pi co-transport system?
Parathyroid hormone
What is the net effect of sodium reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubules?
Reabsorption of sodium chloride along with glucose and amino acids
What is the threshold value of glucose in plasma beyond which it is excreted in urine?
180 mg/dL
What is the purpose of the Na+ to H+ exchange system in the proximal convoluted tubules?
To reabsorb sodium and secrete hydrogen ions
This quiz covers the mechanism of different types of diuretics, including carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and thiazide group, and their effects on kidney function and electrolyte balance.
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