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Diuretics and Kidney Function

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of potassium from the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubules?

70% (correct)

50%

90%

30%

What is the result of inhibiting carbonic anhydrase?

Increased reabsorption of sodium and water

Increased reabsorption of chloride

Decreased reabsorption of bicarbonate, sodium, and water (correct)

Increased reabsorption of potassium

What is the primary site of action for osmotic diuretics?

Collecting ducts

Distal tubules

Loop of Henle

Proximal convoluted tubules (correct)

What is the effect of increased H+ concentration on potassium ion secretion?

Exchanges H+ ions for sodium (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diuretics act on the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

Frusemide (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of obligatory water reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubules?

To maintain osmotic balance (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for using diuretics in congestive cardiac failure?

To reduce edema (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of thiazide diuretics?

Inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubules (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate flow rate of the filtrate when it reaches the loop of Henle?

25 mL/min (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate specific gravity of urine with an osmolality of 1200 mosmol/kg?

1.032 (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diuretics inhibit sodium reabsorption and are also potassium-sparing?

Aldosterone antagonists (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of urine analysis in clinical biochemistry?

To detect abnormal constituents in urine (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of substances are completely reabsorbed and not excreted in urine at normal or low plasma levels?

Threshold substances (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of sodium reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubules?

Co-transport mechanism (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following inhibits the sodium-Pi co-transport system?

Parathyroid hormone (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the net effect of sodium reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubules?

Reabsorption of sodium chloride along with glucose and amino acids (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the threshold value of glucose in plasma beyond which it is excreted in urine?

180 mg/dL (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Na+ to H+ exchange system in the proximal convoluted tubules?

To reabsorb sodium and secrete hydrogen ions (C) Signup and view all the answers