16 Questions
Which category of causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) includes factors such as hypovolemia and decreased renal perfusion?
Prerenal
What is the term for the presence of excessive nitrogenous waste products in the blood?
Azotemia
What is the main action of most diuretics used clinically?
Reduce Na+ reabsorption
What is the term for the irreversible loss of functional nephrons in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?
Nephron attrition
Which diuretic is used for glaucoma and prophylaxis for altitude sickness?
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
What is the most common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) or acute renal failure (ARF) perioperatively?
Renal ischemia
What is the most common cause of perioperative AKI?
Renal ischemia
Which diuretic is associated with reduced urine concentrating ability and potassium loss?
Loop diuretics
What is the definition of oliguria?
Urine output < 0.5 ml/kg/hr
What is the most likely cause of oliguria?
Inadequate circulating fluid volume
What is the effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors on HCO3- reabsorption?
Dramatically reduce HCO3- reabsorption in the proximal tubule
What is the effect of loop diuretics on electrolyte excretion?
Large amounts of Na, K, Mg, etc. excreted
What is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) or chronic renal failure (CRF)?
Renal ischemia
What is the effect of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on functioning nephrons?
Progressive and irreversible loss of functioning nephrons
What is the effect of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on GFR?
GFR drops below 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 for 3 months
What is the most common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) or acute renal failure (ARF) perioperatively?
Renal ischemia
Explore the mechanisms of action of diuretics and their significance in kidney diseases, acute kidney injury, and chronic kidney disease. Understand the objectives related to diuretics and kidney disease including definitions, tests of glomerular filtration rate, and management strategies.
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