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Questions and Answers
Which diuretic increases osmolarity of glomerular filtrate by not being reabsorbed in the renal tubule?
Which diuretic increases osmolarity of glomerular filtrate by not being reabsorbed in the renal tubule?
- Hydrochlorothiazide
- Mannitol (correct)
- Spironolactone
- Furosemide
What effect does the administration of Acetazolamide have on bicarbonate levels?
What effect does the administration of Acetazolamide have on bicarbonate levels?
- Causes bicarbonate to be reabsorbed
- Has no effect on bicarbonate
- Leads to bicarbonate loss (correct)
- Increases bicarbonate retention
Which statement is true regarding Furosemide?
Which statement is true regarding Furosemide?
- It is a potassium-sparing diuretic.
- It acts on the proximal convoluted tubule.
- It blocks the Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter. (correct)
- It inhibits aldosterone receptors.
What is the mechanism of action of Hydrochlorothiazide?
What is the mechanism of action of Hydrochlorothiazide?
What is the primary reason Mannitol induces diuresis?
What is the primary reason Mannitol induces diuresis?
Which drug class is associated with blocking vasopressin receptors?
Which drug class is associated with blocking vasopressin receptors?
Spironolactone is known for its action on which specific receptor type?
Spironolactone is known for its action on which specific receptor type?
Which diuretic specifically works at the thick ascending limb of the nephron?
Which diuretic specifically works at the thick ascending limb of the nephron?
What distinguishes Vaptans from other diuretics?
What distinguishes Vaptans from other diuretics?
Which medication is primarily used as a renin inhibitor?
Which medication is primarily used as a renin inhibitor?
Which drug primarily targets the proximal convoluted tubule in type 2 diabetes management?
Which drug primarily targets the proximal convoluted tubule in type 2 diabetes management?
What is a potential consequence of using Acetazolamide in patients?
What is a potential consequence of using Acetazolamide in patients?
Which diuretic is specifically known for its action of blocking aldosterone receptors?
Which diuretic is specifically known for its action of blocking aldosterone receptors?
What differentiates Vaptans from other diuretic classes?
What differentiates Vaptans from other diuretic classes?
Which diuretic acts by inhibiting the Na+/Cl- cotransporter?
Which diuretic acts by inhibiting the Na+/Cl- cotransporter?
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Study Notes
###Â Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
- Acetazolamide is the most common Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
- Loss of bicarbonate due to inhibition can lead to metabolic acidosis
Osmotic Diuretics
- Mannitol is the most common Osmotic Diuretic
- Mannitol is not reabsorbed in the renal tubule, increasing the osmolarity of the glomerular filtrate
- This results in diuresis
Loop Diuretics
- Furosemide is the most common Loop Diuretic
- Works by acting on the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle
- Blocks the Na+/K+/2Cl- Cotransporter
Thiazide Diuretics
- Hydrochlorothiazide is the most commonly prescribed Thiazide Diuretic
- Inhibits the Na+/Cl- Cotransporter
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
- Spironolactone is the most widespread Potassium-Sparing Diuretic
- Blocks Aldosterone Receptors
Aquaretics
- Vaptans are Aquaretics
- Cause loss of water without electrolyte loss
- Are Vasopressin Antagonists
Renin Inhibitors
- Aliskiren is the only renin inhibitor
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors
- Empagliflozin is the most popular sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor in the U.S
- Treats type 2 diabetes
- Site of Action - S1/S2 segments of the proximal convoluted tubule.
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
- Acetazolamide is the most common Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
- Loss of bicarbonate can lead to metabolic acidosis
Osmotic Diuretic
- Mannitol most common Osmotic Diuretic
- It is not reabsorbed in the renal tubule, increasing the osmolarity of the glomerular filtrate
- This induces diuresis
Loop Diuretic
- Furosemide is the most common loop diuretic
- It acts on the thick ascending limb
- Blocks the Na+/K+/2Cl- Cotransporter
Thiazide Diuretic
- Hydrochlorothiazide is the most commonly prescribed thiazide diuretic
- Works by inhibiting the Na+/Cl- Cotransporter
Potassium-Sparing Diuretic
- Spironolactone is most widely prescribed potassium-sparing diuretic
- Blocks Aldosterone Receptors
Aquaretics
- Vaptans are aquaretics
- They cause loss of water without loss of electrolytes
- Vasopressin Antagonist
Renin Inhibitor
- Aliskiren is the only renin inhibitor
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor
- Empagliflozin is the most popular sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor in the U.S.
- It treats type 2 diabetes
- Site of action: S1 & S2 segments of the proximal convoluted tubule.
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
- Acetazolamide most common Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
- Loss of bicarbonate could lead to metabolic acidosis
Osmotic Diuretics
- Mannitol most common Osmotic Diuretic
- Mannitol is not reabsorbed in the renal tubule, thereby increasing the osmolarity of the glomerular filtrate.
Loop Diuretics
- Furosemide most common Loop Diuretic
- Targets the thick ascending limb
- Furosemide blocks the Na+/K+/2Cl- Cotransporter
Thiazide Diuretics
- Hydrochlorothiazide most commonly prescribed Thiazide Diuretic.
- Works by inhibiting the Na+/Cl- Cotransporter
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
- Spironolactone most widespread Potassium-Sparing Diuretic
- Blocks Aldosterone Receptors
Aquaretics
- Vaptans are aquaretics (loss of water without loss of electrolytes)
- Vaptans are Vasopressin Antagonist
Renin Inhibitors
- Aliskiren is the only renin inhibitor
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors
- Empagliflozin most popular sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor in the U.S.
- Treats type 2 diabetes
- Site of Action – S1/S2 segments of the proximal convoluted tubule.
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