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Questions and Answers
Which diuretic's mechanism of action primarily involves inhibiting the Na+ K+ cotransporter in the ascending loop of Henle?
Which diuretic's mechanism of action primarily involves inhibiting the Na+ K+ cotransporter in the ascending loop of Henle?
- Furosemide (correct)
- Spironolactone
- Acetazolamide
- Hydrochlorothiazide
A patient with glaucoma is prescribed a diuretic. Which of the following diuretics would be most appropriate, considering its mechanism of action and indication?
A patient with glaucoma is prescribed a diuretic. Which of the following diuretics would be most appropriate, considering its mechanism of action and indication?
- Hydrochlorothiazide
- Amiloride
- Acetazolamide (correct)
- Furosemide
A patient is experiencing hypokalemia as a side effect of diuretic use. Which diuretic is most likely contributing to this electrolyte imbalance?
A patient is experiencing hypokalemia as a side effect of diuretic use. Which diuretic is most likely contributing to this electrolyte imbalance?
- Spironolactone
- Amiloride
- Furosemide (correct)
- All of the above
Which diuretic's mechanism of action is primarily antagonizing aldosterone?
Which diuretic's mechanism of action is primarily antagonizing aldosterone?
Which diuretic is most likely to cause hyperkalemia?
Which diuretic is most likely to cause hyperkalemia?
A patient presents with erectile dysfunction after starting a diuretic. Which diuretic is most likely contributing to this side effect?
A patient presents with erectile dysfunction after starting a diuretic. Which diuretic is most likely contributing to this side effect?
Which of the following diuretics is contraindicated in individuals with hepatic coma?
Which of the following diuretics is contraindicated in individuals with hepatic coma?
A patient with a history of gout is prescribed a diuretic for hypertension. Which diuretic should be avoided due to its potential to exacerbate gout?
A patient with a history of gout is prescribed a diuretic for hypertension. Which diuretic should be avoided due to its potential to exacerbate gout?
Which diuretic works in the early part of the distal tubule to inhibit NaCl cotransporter?
Which diuretic works in the early part of the distal tubule to inhibit NaCl cotransporter?
A patient with diabetes insipidus is prescribed a diuretic. Which of the following diuretics is indicated for the management of diabetes insipidus?
A patient with diabetes insipidus is prescribed a diuretic. Which of the following diuretics is indicated for the management of diabetes insipidus?
Which diuretic is most likely to cause metabolic acidosis as a side effect?
Which diuretic is most likely to cause metabolic acidosis as a side effect?
A patient presents with gynecomastia after being prescribed a diuretic. Which of the following diuretics is most likely contributing to this side effect?
A patient presents with gynecomastia after being prescribed a diuretic. Which of the following diuretics is most likely contributing to this side effect?
Which of the following diuretics is contraindicated in patients with anuria?
Which of the following diuretics is contraindicated in patients with anuria?
Which diuretic is known to cause photosensitivity as a side effect?
Which diuretic is known to cause photosensitivity as a side effect?
A patient is prescribed a diuretic to prevent hypokalemia. Which of the following diuretics is most appropriate for this indication?
A patient is prescribed a diuretic to prevent hypokalemia. Which of the following diuretics is most appropriate for this indication?
Which diuretic's primary mechanism of action involves inhibiting carbonic anhydrase enzyme?
Which diuretic's primary mechanism of action involves inhibiting carbonic anhydrase enzyme?
A patient with hyperlipidemia is prescribed a diuretic for hypertension. Which diuretic should be used cautiously due to its potential to worsen hyperlipidemia?
A patient with hyperlipidemia is prescribed a diuretic for hypertension. Which diuretic should be used cautiously due to its potential to worsen hyperlipidemia?
Which diuretic reduces peripheral resistance by vasodilation?
Which diuretic reduces peripheral resistance by vasodilation?
A pregnant patient requires a diuretic. Which of the following diuretics is generally contraindicated during pregnancy?
A pregnant patient requires a diuretic. Which of the following diuretics is generally contraindicated during pregnancy?
Which condition is NOT an indication for Furosemide prescription?
Which condition is NOT an indication for Furosemide prescription?
Which is NOT a side effect of Hydrochlorothiazide?
Which is NOT a side effect of Hydrochlorothiazide?
Which agent has the greatest diuretic effect?
Which agent has the greatest diuretic effect?
Which diuretic is least likely to be administered alone?
Which diuretic is least likely to be administered alone?
Which diuretic is NOT normally used in hypertension?
Which diuretic is NOT normally used in hypertension?
Which of the following diuretics is most likely to cause GI upset as a side effect?
Which of the following diuretics is most likely to cause GI upset as a side effect?
Which diuretic has the potential side effect of menstrual irregularities?
Which diuretic has the potential side effect of menstrual irregularities?
If a patient needs a diuretic but also has a renal insufficiency, which of these diuretics should be avoided?
If a patient needs a diuretic but also has a renal insufficiency, which of these diuretics should be avoided?
Which diuretic should be avoided in patients with a sulfa allergy?
Which diuretic should be avoided in patients with a sulfa allergy?
If a patient needs a diuretic urgently to remove water, which is the best option?
If a patient needs a diuretic urgently to remove water, which is the best option?
A patient prescribed a diuretic is suffering from hypovolemia, which drug could be the cause?
A patient prescribed a diuretic is suffering from hypovolemia, which drug could be the cause?
Which diuretic is known for retaining Bicarbonate in the Lumen?
Which diuretic is known for retaining Bicarbonate in the Lumen?
Which agent will increase calcium reabsorption?
Which agent will increase calcium reabsorption?
Which of these drugs does block the Na+ channel?
Which of these drugs does block the Na+ channel?
Which agent has the weakest effect?
Which agent has the weakest effect?
Which of these drugs is known to inhibit Na+ reabsorption?
Which of these drugs is known to inhibit Na+ reabsorption?
Which of these drugs decreases the reabsorption of Na+ in the proximal tubule?
Which of these drugs decreases the reabsorption of Na+ in the proximal tubule?
A patient with Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is prescribed a diuretic. Which agent is least likely to be appropriate for this indication?
A patient with Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is prescribed a diuretic. Which agent is least likely to be appropriate for this indication?
What is the primary mechanism of action for Amiloride?
What is the primary mechanism of action for Amiloride?
A patient with pre-existing hyperkalemia requires a diuretic. Which of the following conditions would contraindicate the use of spironolactone in this patient?
A patient with pre-existing hyperkalemia requires a diuretic. Which of the following conditions would contraindicate the use of spironolactone in this patient?
A patient taking a diuretic is experiencing increased bicarbonate retention. Which of the following diuretics is most likely responsible for this side effect?
A patient taking a diuretic is experiencing increased bicarbonate retention. Which of the following diuretics is most likely responsible for this side effect?
A patient with a known hypersensitivity to sulfa drugs requires a diuretic. Which of the following would be the safest option?
A patient with a known hypersensitivity to sulfa drugs requires a diuretic. Which of the following would be the safest option?
A patient presents with hypokalemia and metabolic acidosis. Which of the following diuretics is most likely contributing to these electrolyte imbalances?
A patient presents with hypokalemia and metabolic acidosis. Which of the following diuretics is most likely contributing to these electrolyte imbalances?
Which diuretic is LEAST likely to be useful in treating hypertension in a patient with a history of gout?
Which diuretic is LEAST likely to be useful in treating hypertension in a patient with a history of gout?
Flashcards
Diuretics
Diuretics
Diuretics are a class of drugs that promote increased urine production.
Acetazolamide MOA
Acetazolamide MOA
Acetazolamide inhibits carbonic anhydrase, reducing Na+ reabsorption in the proximal tubule.
Acetazolamide Side Effects
Acetazolamide Side Effects
Acetazolamide can lead to hypokalemia and metabolic acidosis.
Acetazolamide Indications
Acetazolamide Indications
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Acetazolamide Contraindications
Acetazolamide Contraindications
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Furosemide MOA
Furosemide MOA
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Furosemide Side Effects
Furosemide Side Effects
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Furosemide Indications
Furosemide Indications
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Furosemide Contraindications
Furosemide Contraindications
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Hydrochlorothiazide Site of Action
Hydrochlorothiazide Site of Action
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Hydrochlorothiazide Indications
Hydrochlorothiazide Indications
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Spironolactone MOA
Spironolactone MOA
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Spironolactone Side Effects
Spironolactone Side Effects
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Spironolactone Indications
Spironolactone Indications
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Spironolactone Contraindications
Spironolactone Contraindications
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Torsemide
Torsemide
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Indapamide
Indapamide
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Chlorothiazide
Chlorothiazide
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Amiloride
Amiloride
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K+ sparing diruetics SE
K+ sparing diruetics SE
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Loop Diuretics MOA
Loop Diuretics MOA
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Thiazides and Calcium
Thiazides and Calcium
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Hydrochlorothiazide Side Effects
Hydrochlorothiazide Side Effects
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Diabetes insipidus and Hydrochlorothiazide
Diabetes insipidus and Hydrochlorothiazide
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Study Notes
- Diuretics are a group of drugs.
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
- Agent: Acetazolamide.
- MOA: Affects electrolyte composition (EC) by decreasing NaCl, NaHCO3, and K+ levels.
- MOA: Inhibits the carbonic anhydrase enzyme.
- MOA: Leads to bicarbonate retention in the lumen and reduces sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule.
- Side Effects: Hypokalemia and metabolic acidosis.
- Indication: Used for hypertension, glaucoma, and congestive heart failure.
- Contraindications: Include hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis, renal insufficiency, and pregnancy.
Loop Diuretics
- Agents: Furosemide and Torsemide (listed as having the greatest diuretic effect).
- MOA: These impact electrolyte composition by decreasing NaCl, K+, and Ca2+ in the ascending loop of Henle.
- MOA: They inhibit the Na+ K+ cotransporter, producing a substantial diuretic effect and reduce peripheral resistance by removing water.
- Side Effects: Can cause hypovolemia, hyperuricemia, hypokalemia, and hypocalcemia.
- Indication: Used for hypertension, liver cirrhosis, congestive heart failure, and renal disease.
- Contraindications: Include anuria, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hepatic coma, and pregnancy.
Thiazides
- Agents: Hydrochlorothiazide (most common), Indapamide, and Chlorothiazide (weak diuretic).
- MOA: Affect electrolyte composition by increasing Ca2+ and decreasing Na+, Mg2+, K+, and NaCl, work in the early part of the distal tubule
- MOA: Promote NaCl excretion by inhibiting the NaCl cotransporter and cause vasodilation to reduce SVR.
- Side Effects: May result in hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, hypercalcemia, hyperlipidemia, photosensitivity, and erectile dysfunction.
- Indication: Used for hypertension, heart failure, and diabetes insipidus.
- Contraindications: Include gout, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypokalemia, and pregnancy.
K+-Sparing Agents
- Agents: Amiloride and Spironolactone, often used with other diuretics and are considered weak.
- MOA: Affect electrolyte composition by increasing K+ and decreasing NaCl and NaHCO3 in the collecting tubule.
- MOA: They inhibit Na+ reabsorption and K+ excretion, with Amiloride blocking Na+ channels and Spironolactone antagonizing Aldosterone.
- Side Effects: Can lead to hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, GI upset, gynecomastia (with spironolactone), and menstrual irregularities.
- Indication: Used for congestive heart failure, liver failure, and to prevent hypokalemia.
- Contraindications: Include anuria, renal insufficiency, hyperkalemia, and pregnancy.
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