Lecture 8 - BD
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Questions and Answers

What is NOT a characteristic of oppositional defiant disorder?

  • Chronic negative mood
  • Serious aggression toward others (correct)
  • Angry and irritable mood
  • Failure to follow requests of others

    • When should oppositional defiant disorder NOT be diagnosed?

  • In the presence of language comprehension issues
  • When symptoms occur exclusively during a mood disorder (correct)
  • If the behavior is typical for their mental age
  • If the individual has a history of ADHD

    • Which statement is true regarding oppositional defiant disorder and disruptive mood dysregulation disorder?

  • They are always diagnosed simultaneously in affected children.
  • The severity of temper outbursts is more extreme in oppositional defiant disorder.
  • They share all symptoms, making them identical disorders.
  • Only a minority of children with oppositional defiant disorder might meet criteria for disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. (correct)

    • What is a key feature that differentiates oppositional defiant disorder from intellectual disability?

    <p>Oppositional behavior must be markedly greater in severity compared to peers with similar mental age. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common comorbidity with oppositional defiant disorder?

    <p>Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does oppositional defiant disorder relate to language disorders?

    <p>Failure to follow directions can be misinterpreted as defiance due to language impairment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is more severe in disruptive mood dysregulation disorder compared to oppositional defiant disorder?

    <p>Temper outbursts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can depressive and bipolar disorders affect the diagnosis of oppositional defiant disorder?

    <p>Symptoms exclusively during a mood disorder preclude a diagnosis of oppositional defiant disorder. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key distinguishing factor between oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder?

    <p>Oppositional defiant disorder typically presents with less severe behaviors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom would suggest a diagnosis of conduct disorder rather than oppositional defiant disorder?

    <p>Aggression toward animals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum frequency of symptoms required for individuals over 5 years old to meet the criteria for oppositional defiant disorder?

    <p>At least once per week for at least 6 months. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors should be considered in assessing the severity of symptoms in oppositional defiant disorder?

    <p>The intensity of the behaviors relative to normative development. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which behavior is NOT commonly associated with oppositional defiant disorder?

    <p>Participating in theft or deceit. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what area does oppositional defiant disorder primarily create negative impacts?

    <p>Social and educational functioning. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms would indicate a need to reassess a diagnosis for oppositional defiant disorder?

    <p>Aggression towards peers and pets. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What psychological condition should be ruled out before confirming a diagnosis of oppositional defiant disorder?

    <p>Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key distinction between oppositional defiant disorder and defiance due to social anxiety disorder?

    <p>Defiance due to social anxiety disorder is tied to fear of negative evaluation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of intermittent explosive disorder?

    <p>Failure to control aggressive impulses leading to harm. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions can NOT be better explained as a cause for recurrent aggressive outbursts?

    <p>Oppositional defiant disorder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT considered when diagnosing intermittent explosive disorder?

    <p>The individual's cultural background (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a criterion for characterizing aggressive outbursts in intermittent explosive disorder?

    <p>Outbursts are intent-driven to achieve power. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these outburst characteristics is typical for intermittent explosive disorder?

    <p>Outbursts are grossly out of proportion to the provocation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What age must an individual be, at minimum, to be diagnosed with intermittent explosive disorder?

    <p>At least 6 years old (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder’s symptoms must be ruled out to diagnose intermittent explosive disorder?

    <p>Bipolar disorder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)

    A condition marked by persistent disobedience and defiance towards authority figures, often exhibiting angry and irritable moods.

    Differentiating ODD from ADHD

    ODD's defiance shouldn't be solely due to situations requiring sustained attention or stillness, unlike ADHD which can be characterized by difficulty focusing.

    ODD vs. Mood Disorders

    Symptoms of ODD should not stem exclusively from a mood disorder like depression or bipolar disorder; irritability in these conditions shouldn't be confused with ODD.

    ODD vs. Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD)

    DMDD involves more severe, frequent, and chronic temper outbursts compared to ODD. A severity distinction differentiates between the two conditions

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    ODD vs. Intermittent Explosive Disorder

    ODD does not include serious aggression towards others, which is a key feature of intermittent explosive disorder.

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    ODD and Intellectual Disability

    In individuals with intellectual disability, ODD is diagnosed only if oppositional behavior significantly surpasses typical levels for their mental age and disability severity.

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    ODD and Language Disorder

    Oppositional behavior must be distinguished from instances of failing to comply where language comprehension is impaired, such as hearing loss.

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    ODD vs. Social Anxiety

    ODD should not be diagnosed if the behaviors are solely due to social anxiety; oppositional behavior must be more frequent and pervasive than expected social anxieties.

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    Angry/Irritable Mood

    Frequent temper outbursts, touchiness, and feelings of anger and resentment.

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    Argumentative/Defiant Behavior

    Actively arguing with authority figures, refusing requests, and deliberately annoying others.

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    Vindictiveness

    Spiteful or retaliatory behavior, seen at least twice in the past.

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    Frequency Criteria

    Behaviors must occur a specific amount of times to be considered symptoms of ODD.

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    Severity of ODD (Mild, Moderate, Severe)

    The severity of ODD is determined by the number of settings where symptoms are present: one, two, or three or more settings.

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    Conduct Disorder

    A more serious conduct problem with a pattern of aggression, property destruction, or theft.

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    Distress or Impairment

    The negative impact of behavior on the individual or others (family, peers).

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    Intermittent Explosive Disorder

    A mental health condition characterized by sudden, intense outbursts of anger and aggression that are out of proportion to the situation and can cause harm to others or property.

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    Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD)

    A mental health disorder in children and adolescents defined by severe, persistent irritability and temper outbursts that are out of proportion to the situation.

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    ODD vs. Conduct Disorder

    ODD focuses on defiance towards authority, while Conduct Disorder involves more serious violations of societal rules, like stealing, aggression, or destruction of property.

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    ODD vs. ADHD

    ODD is not solely due to situations requiring sustained attention, unlike ADHD, which is characterized by difficulty focusing.

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    Study Notes

    Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders

    • These conditions involve problems in self-control of emotions and behaviors.
    • Behaviors violate the rights of others (e.g., aggression, destruction of property).
    • Behaviors bring the individual into significant conflict with societal norms or authority figures.
    • Underlying causes vary greatly across disorders and among individuals within a given diagnostic category.

    Oppositional Defiant Disorder

    • A pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, or vindictiveness.

    • Symptoms are exhibited in interactions with at least one individual who is not a sibling.

    • Requires at least six months of symptoms with at least four symptoms in any of the following categories.

    • Angry/Irritable Mood:

    • Often loses temper.

    • Is often touchy or easily annoyed.

    • Is often angry and resentful.

    • Argumentative/Defiant Behavior:

    • Often argues with authority figures or, for children and adolescents, with adults.

    • Often actively defies or refuses to comply with requests from authority figures or with rules.

    • Often deliberately annoys others.

    • Often blames others for his or her mistakes or misbehavior.

    • Vindictiveness:

    • Has been spiteful or vindictive at least twice within the past

    Intermittent Explosive Disorder

    • Recurrent behavioral outbursts representing a failure to control aggressive impulses.
    • Outbursts can be verbal aggression or physical aggression (towards property, animals, or others).
    • Outbursts occur twice weekly, on average, for a 3-month period, leading to damage or destruction of property or physical injury to animals or other individuals.
    • Outbursts are grossly out of proportion to the provocation.
    • Outbursts are impulsive and not premeditated.

    Conduct Disorder

    • A repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated.

    • Requires at least three of the following 15 criteria in the past 12 months from any category, with at least one criterion present in the past 6 months.

    • Aggression to People and Animals:

    • Often bullies, threatens, or intimidates others

    • Often initiates physical fights

    • Has used a weapon that can cause serious physical harm to others (e.g., a bat, brick, broken bottle, knife, gun)

    • Has been physically cruel to people

    • Has been physically cruel to animals

    • Has stolen while confronting a victim (e.g., mugging, purse snatching, extortion, armed robbery)

    • Has forced someone into sexual activity

    • Destruction of Property:

    • Has deliberately engaged in fire setting with the intention of causing serious damage.

    • Has deliberately destroyed others' property (other than by fire setting)

    • Deceitfulness or theft:

    • Has broken into someone else's house, building, or car.

    • Often lies to obtain goods or favors or to avoid obligations (i.e., “cons” others).

    • Has stolen items of nontrivial value without confronting a victim (e.g., shoplifting, but without breaking and entering: forgery)

    • Serious Violations of Rules:

    • Often stays out at night despite parental prohibitions, beginning before age 13 years.

    • Has run away from home overnight at least twice while living in the parental or parental surrogate home, or once without returning for a lengthy period.

    • Is often truant from school, beginning before age 13 years.

    • The disturbance in the behavior causes clinically significant impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning

    Pyromania

    • Deliberate and purposeful fire setting on more than one occasion
    • Tension or affective arousal before the act
    • Fascination with, interest in, curiosity about or attraction to fire.
    • Pleasure, gratification or relief when setting fires

    Kleptomania

    • Recurrent failure to resist impulses to steal objects that are not needed for personal use or for their monetary value.
    • Increasing sense of tension right before committing the theft
    • Pleasure, gratification, or relief at the time of committing the theft.
    • Stealing is not done to express anger or vengeance (not delusional or based on hallucination).

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