Dispersion Forces: Origin and Mechanism
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Questions and Answers

According to the Kinetic Molecular Theory of matter, what determines whether a substance exists in a solid, liquid, or gaseous state?

  • The temperature of the sample (correct)
  • The molecular weight of the particles
  • The shape of the container
  • The color of the substance
  • In which phase do molecules have the least amount of energy according to the Kinetic Molecular Theory?

  • Solid (correct)
  • Liquid
  • Gas
  • Plasma
  • What theory describes the microscopic properties of atoms or molecules and their interactions, leading to observable macroscopic properties?

  • Kinetic Molecular Theory (correct)
  • String Theory
  • Quantum Mechanical Theory
  • Relativity Theory
  • According to the Kinetic Molecular Theory, what is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a sample of matter?

    <p>Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the average amount of empty space between molecules as matter moves from solid to gas phases?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of energy varies depending on the temperature a sample of matter is in?

    <p>Kinetic energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the attractive forces between atoms/molecules called?

    <p>Intermolecular forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which state of matter assumes the shape of its container and does not expand to fill it?

    <p>Liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are solids not very compressible?

    <p>Intermolecular forces hold particles close together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which state of matter is virtually incompressible?

    <p>Solid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which state of matter do intermolecular forces result in a higher density compared to gases?

    <p>Liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do liquids flow readily compared to solids?

    <p>Stronger intermolecular forces in liquids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of dispersion forces?

    <p>Motion of electrons in atoms or molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In dipole-dipole forces, what type of attractions occur?

    <p>Attractions between partially positive and negative ends</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a dipole moment in a molecule?

    <p>Unequal sharing of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do repulsions occur in dipole-dipole forces?

    <p>When molecules are close together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of forces are only effective when molecules are close to each other?

    <p>Dipole-dipole forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the difference in electronegativity between atoms in a molecule lead to?

    <p>Unequal sharing of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a supersaturated solution when disturbed?

    <p>The excess solute precipitates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general rule for solubility based on the nature of the solvent and solute?

    <p>'Like dissolves like,' based on polarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which solvent is highlighted as the most important polar solvent in the text?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does increasing temperature generally have on the solubility of solids and liquids?

    <p>Increases solubility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does pressure affect the solubility of gases according to Henry's law?

    <p>Increases solubility of gases in liquids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors has virtually no effect on the solubility of a solid or liquid?

    <p>Pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does carbon form complex, branched-chain structures, ring structures, and cage-like structures?

    <p>Because it can form four bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of all known compounds are organic compounds?

    <p>85%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is knowledge of organic chemistry essential for understanding biochemistry?

    <p>Because organic compounds form the basis of important chemicals in living systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do most inorganic compounds differ from organic compounds in terms of bonding?

    <p>Organic compounds have ionic bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common property of organic compounds in terms of physical state?

    <p>Solids with low melting points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientific institute reported that there are more than 14 million compounds between 1800 and 2015?

    <p>The Max Planck Institute</p> Signup and view all the answers

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