Disorders of Energy Balance and Disease States Quiz

What is the main focus of the Adolph EF (1947) experiments mentioned?

Daily circadian cycle for energy stores

Short term satiety mechanisms

Exchange of blood between rats (correct)

Long term regulation of hunger

What was one of the misconceptions that delayed the identification of the circulating factor mentioned in the experiments?

The factor was lipid soluble (correct)

The factor was a protein

The factor was genetic

The factor was water-soluble

What is the role of the Ventromedial Nucleus (VMN) of the hypothalamus?

Stores body fat

Regulates blood circulation

Controls hunger and satiety (correct)

Regulates body temperature

What did the Parabiosis experiments by Coleman (1973) demonstrate?

Circulating factors between fat and lean rats Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Circadian Regulatory Cycle for Energy Stores mentioned in the text?

Drive eating patterns based on day-night cycle Signup and view all the answers

Why was the correlation of body weight with fat stores considered poor in the short term according to the text?

Rapid changes in body composition Signup and view all the answers

What happens when energy input equals energy output?

Increased storage Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the relationship between energy stores and body mass?

Changes in energy stores correlate with body mass if lean body mass remains constant. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of changes in body weight over periods longer than 24 hours?

They are often correlated with changes in adipose tissue energy stores. Signup and view all the answers

How precisely do we regulate our energy stores according to the text?

Very precisely, with long-term regulation being precise. Signup and view all the answers

What does storage of 1 kg fat represent in terms of energy storage?

Storage of 39 MJ of energy Signup and view all the answers

In the context of regulating energy, what does the text propose as a controversial aspect?

Adjusting metabolic expenditure to balance intake Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason why severely obese humans with no detectable mutations in the Ob gene can still be obese?

Due to mutations in the receptor for leptin Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible consequence of low leptin levels in humans?

Impaired reproductive signaling Signup and view all the answers

Which factor has been found to play a role in the aetiology of obesity in some severely obese individuals with no Ob gene mutations?

Insulin resistance Signup and view all the answers

How was the obesity of individuals with pure leptin deficiency successfully treated?

Through leptin administration Signup and view all the answers

What feedback system is involved in regulating energy stores and metabolic activity level?

Leptin receptors and sympathetic neural activity Signup and view all the answers

Why are starving people more susceptible to infection according to the text?

Because of low adipose tissue size Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ventromedial nucleus (VMN) of the hypothalamus?

Control the utilization and storage of body fat Signup and view all the answers

Lesions of the ventromedial nucleus (VMN) lead to:

Hyperphagia and obesity Signup and view all the answers

Which type of inhibition does the ventromedial nucleus (VMN) exert on lipogenesis control?

Adrenergic inhibition Signup and view all the answers

What happens when there is a bilateral lesion of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus?

Hyperphagia and lipogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the lateral hypothalamus?

Process afferent sensory information Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is produced by adipose tissue itself and plays a role in long-term regulation of hunger?

Leptin Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of low leptin levels in relation to helper T lymphocytes?

Inhibit the immune response Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is known to be anorexigenic based on the text provided?

GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide 1 Signup and view all the answers

What happens when leptin receptors on helper T lymphocytes are insufficiently bound?