22 Questions
What is the process of killing harmful disease-producing bacteria in water known as?
Sterilization
Which equation represents the reduction of microorganisms when exposed to a disinfectant?
$\frac{dN}{dt}=-kN$
What detrimental effect does excess lime have on water when used for disinfection?
It increases bacterial survival
Why is boiling not considered a practical method for disinfecting large quantities of water?
It consumes a lot of energy
What happens to ozone when used for water treatment?
It releases nascent oxygen
Which method requires the removal of excess lime before supplying treated water to the public?
Recarbonation for lime removal
What is the purpose of preparing hydraulic profiles at peak and average design flows?
To visualize the hydraulic grade line
Why is pumping sometimes needed in a treatment plant?
To achieve flow by gravity when total available head is insufficient
What contributes to the total loss through connecting pipings, channels, and appurtenances?
Head loss due to contraction, entrance, exit, friction, bends, fittings, gates, valves, meters, and weir
What does the hydraulic profile represent in a treatment plant?
Water surface elevation difference in the influent and effluent
What is a component of head losses through the treatment unit?
Head losses through the unit only
Why is head loss computation started in the direction of flow using watersurface in the influent as a reference?
To visualize hydraulic grade line accurately
What is the role of nascent oxygen in water treatment?
Removes organic matter and bacteria
What forms the free chlorine residual in water treatment?
Hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ion
Which compound reacts with chlorine to form chloramines in drinking water systems?
Ammonia
What is the term for the reactions that create a unique relationship between chlorine dose and the form of chlorine?
Breakpoint reaction
Which principle is important in plant layout for treatment plants based on the provided text?
Consideration of existing site topography
What theory explains the germicidal action of chlorine in killing enzymes in bacteria?
Enzymatic hypothesis
In water treatment, what does the term 'chlorine demand' refer to?
Reaction of chlorine with organics and inorganics
What are the products of the breakpoint reaction?
$N_2(g) + 3H^+ + 3Cl^- + H_2O$
What is the main disinfectant used by many drinking water utilities?
$NH_2Cl$
What compound reacts with all forms of chlorine at corrosion sites at pipe walls?
$Fe^{2+}$
Test your knowledge on disinfection kinetics with this quiz. Explore topics such as Chick's Law and the process of disinfection and sterilization for safe drinking water.
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