Sanitation, Disinfection, and Safety

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Questions and Answers

Distinguish between pediculosis and pediculosis capitis.

  • Pediculosis refers to a lice infestation generally, while pediculosis capitis refers specifically to head lice. (correct)
  • Pediculosis refers to a bacterial infection, while pediculosis capitis refers to a parasitic infection.
  • Pediculosis refers to a fungal infection, while pediculosis capitis refers to a viral infection.
  • Pediculosis refers to an allergic reaction, while pediculosis capitis refers to a lice infestation.

How does tinea manifest differently in tinea capitis compared to tinea pedis?

  • Tinea capitis affects the feet, while tinea pedis affects the scalp.
  • Tinea capitis affects the scalp, while tinea pedis affects the feet. (correct)
  • Tinea capitis causes lice, while tinea pedis causes ringworm.
  • Tinea capitis causes warts, while tinea pedis causes dandruff.

Why are products often stored in cobalt blue or amber-colored bottles?

  • To keep the past practice
  • To protect product marketing label.
  • To protect the contents from heat.
  • To protect the contents from light. (correct)

Differentiate between 'aseptic' and 'septic' conditions.

<p>Aseptic refers to sanitary conditions, while septic refers to unsanitary conditions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean if implements are 'septic' according to a State Board Inspector?

<p>The implements are unclean and may cause infection. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of sodium hypochlorite in sanitation practices?

<p>It is commonly known as bleach and used for disinfection. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would you explain the term 'caustic' in the context of chemical products used in cosmetology?

<p>A substance that can cause burns or corrosion of living tissue. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What implications does using blood platelets have regarding the process of blood clotting?

<p>They are essential for blood clotting. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do ultraviolet (UV) sanitizers function in maintaining hygiene standards?

<p>Store previously disinfected implements. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept of sterilization relate to preventing the transmission of disease?

<p>It sanitizes equipment from viruses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of infection control, differentiate between active and passive immunity.

<p>Active immunity is produced by the body's own antibodies, while passive immunity involves receiving antibodies from an external source. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the strength of hydrogen peroxide, used, influence its applications?

<p>Different strengths determine whether it cleanses, deposits, or lifts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it not recommended to place plastic combs and metal shears in bleach?

<p>Bleach is corrosive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the vast majority of bacteria affect the environment and human health?

<p>They are non-pathogenic and do not cause disease. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the asymptomatic stage of a contagious disease affect its spread?

<p>It can facilitate the spread of disease because the person is unaware and shows no visible symptoms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does knowledge of bacterial shapes (cocci, bacilli, and spirilla) inform infection control practices in a salon?

<p>It helps in understanding bacterial movement and choosing the most appropriate cleaning and disinfecting agents. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the conditions Conjunctivitis, Tinea, Scabies, Pediculosis, and the common cold affect a cosmetologist's ability to work?

<p>They are contagious or communicable diseases that prevent you from working. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the differences between bacteria that are parasites versus those that are saprophytes and how this distinction impacts infection control.

<p>Parasites cause/spread disease and live on a living matter, and saprophytes live on dead matter. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do local and general/blood-borne infections differ in their impact on the body?

<p>A local infection is confined to a small area, and a general/blood borne infection impacts a larger area of the body. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does bacterial spore formation complicate infection control measures?

<p>Spore formation allows bacteria to survive adverse conditions, making them harder to eliminate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario is it MOST crucial to use sterilization rather than just disinfection or sanitation?

<p>When instruments come into contact with blood or bodily fluids. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes active immunity from passive immunity in the context of infection control?

<p>Active immunity results from exposure to an antigen, prompting the body to produce antibodies, whereas passive immunity involves receiving antibodies from an external source. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason a cosmetologist should avoid using hydrogen peroxide with a concentration higher than recommended?

<p>Higher concentrations can cause skin and scalp irritation or chemical burns. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to avoid placing metal tools in a bleach solution for extended periods?

<p>Certain metals react with bleach, leading to corrosion and damage to the tools. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the prevalence of non-pathogenic bacteria impact the environment and human health?

<p>They contribute to the fermentation and decomposition processes, nutrient cycling, and protect against harmful bacteria. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the asymptomatic nature of certain contagious diseases complicate efforts to control their spread in a salon setting?

<p>It increases the likelihood of transmission because infected individuals may unknowingly spread the disease. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does understanding the variations in bacterial shapes (cocci, bacilli, and spirilla) enhance infection control practices?

<p>It informs the selection of appropriate disinfectants and sterilization methods. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the ability of certain bacteria to form spores relevant to infection control protocols in a salon?

<p>Spore formation allows bacteria to become dormant and highly resistant, requiring more rigorous sterilization techniques. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does distinguishing between local and general infections inform a cosmetologist's decision on whether to proceed with a service?

<p>General infections may indicate a systemic issue, making it necessary to postpone services to prevent further complications or transmission. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pediculosis is BEST described as an infestation of:

<p>Lice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ringworm affecting the scalp is specifically referred to as which type of fungal infection?

<p>Tinea capitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are amber-colored bottles often used to store certain products in the salon?

<p>To protect the contents from damage caused by light exposure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What crucial distinction does a State Board Inspector consider when determining if implements are 'septic'?

<p>Unsanitary or contaminated implements. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the PRIMARY purpose of sodium hypochlorite in maintaining a salon's sanitation standards?

<p>Effective for cleaning and disinfecting surfaces. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MAIN concern regarding products labeled as 'caustic' that are used in cosmetology?

<p>They can cause burns or corrosiveness upon contact. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a client has a low count of blood platelets (thrombocytes), what physiological process is MOST likely to be affected?

<p>Blood clotting. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST appropriate use of ultraviolet (UV) sanitizers in a salon environment?

<p>To store previously disinfected implements. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease transmission method does sterilization primarily address to ensure client safety?

<p>Contaminated medical devices. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term accurately describes an object that is free from pathogenic bacteria?

<p>Aseptic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes communicable diseases from pathogenic conditions within a salon setting?

<p>Communicable diseases can spread from person to person, while pathogenic conditions are related to disease-causing organisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would you describe the impact of pathogenic bacteria?

<p>Harmful and disease-producing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST accurate definition of a communicable disease?

<p>A disease that spreads from one person to another (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to understand the difference between sanitation, disinfection, and sterilization?

<p>To properly select the right process for the tools being used. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of cosmetology, what does 'caustic' generally imply regarding a chemical product's properties?

<p>It can cause burns. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of thrombocytes in the human body?

<p>Aiding in blood clotting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST important reason for storing certain salon products in dark-colored bottles?

<p>Protect contents from light (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under which of these conditions would a State Board Inspector MOST likely consider a salon's implements to be 'septic'?

<p>The items are visibly contaminated. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to avoid placing metal tools in bleach for extended periods?

<p>To prevent corrosion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What level of decontamination is generally not used by stylists?

<p>Sterilization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Contagious diseases that show no symptoms are:

<p>Asymptomatic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What shape are cocci bacteria?

<p>Round (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Of the three main types of bacteria, which are motile?

<p>Bacilli &amp; Spirilla (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Motile bacilli and spirilla move how?

<p>Flagella (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is used as a(n):

<p>Antiseptic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is most likely to be spread by unclean brushes/combs?

<p>Pediculosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bacteria that live on dead matter are:

<p>Saprophytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bacteria that LIVE on dead matter and use it for energy are called:

<p>Non-pathogenic / saprophytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Boils that contain pus are examples of what?

<p>A local infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When bacterial cells are in ideal conditions for growth and reproduction, they are said to be in what phase?

<p>Active or vegetative (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client presents with symptoms of pediculosis. What specific visible sign would confirm this condition?

<p>Small, white or grayish nits (eggs) attached to the hair shafts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client has a fungal infection on their feet. What is the MOST likely causative agent?

<p><em>Trichophyton rubrum</em> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to store hydrogen peroxide in a dark container?

<p>To prevent decomposition due to light exposure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does applying an antiseptic differ from ensuring aseptic conditions?

<p>Antiseptics kill pathogens on living tissue, while aseptic refers to preventing contamination. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios would a State Board Inspector MOST likely deem 'septic'?

<p>A barber uses a brush to remove hair clippings from a client without disinfecting it first. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of sodium hypochlorite in salon hygiene, and what concentration is generally considered safe for surface disinfection?

<p>Disinfectant; 10% concentration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary hazard associated with using a product labeled as 'caustic'?

<p>Skin and eye burns. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client reports easy bruising and prolonged bleeding from minor cuts. What component of their blood is MOST likely deficient?

<p>Blood platelets (thrombocytes) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should an ultraviolet (UV) sanitizer be used primarily for storing disinfected implements rather than for active disinfection?

<p>The intensity of UV light in sanitizers is insufficient for thorough disinfection. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of salon services, what distinguishes sterilization from sanitation and disinfection?

<p>Sterilization kills all microorganisms, including spores. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does active immunity to a disease typically develop?

<p>Being exposed to a weakened or dead form of the disease-causing agent. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If hydrogen peroxide is used incorrectly (too high of a percentage) it is considered?

<p>Corrosive. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is prolonged immersion of metal tools in bleach solutions discouraged, even though bleach is a disinfectant?

<p>Bleach can dull the cutting edges and corrode metal tools. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The vast majority of bacteria are classified as non-pathogenic. What is the ecological significance of this majority?

<p>They assist in vital processes like decomposition and nutrient cycling. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can cosmetologists inadvertently contribute to the spread of contagious diseases during the asymptomatic stage?

<p>By neglecting standard sanitation and disinfection practices. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the knowledge of the three classifications of bacteria (cocci, bacilli, spirilla) affect a cosmetologist?

<p>It helps determine what size pores the disinfectant has to eliminate. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Certain conditions, such as conjunctivitis, tinea, scabies, pediculosis, and the common cold, can prevent a cosmetologist from being able to work. These infections are known as what?

<p>Pathogenic. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If bacteria is a saprophyte, what does that mean for a cosmetologist?

<p>The bacteria eats dead matter and won't harm humans. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do boils differ from a blood-borne infection?

<p>Boils are considered local and not systemic where as blood-borne infections are systemic. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are bacterial spores related to infection control procedures in a salon?

<p>They are unaffected by disinfecting agents and require sterilization for elimination. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential for salons to differentiate between 'sanitary' and 'unsanitary' conditions using terms like 'aseptic' and 'septic'?

<p>To ensure compliance with health and safety regulations and prevent the spread of infections. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should a cosmetologist understand the difference between bacteria that are parasites versus those that are saprophytes?

<p>To select appropriate treatments based on whether the bacteria derive nourishment from living or dead matter, informing infection control strategies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding the difference between local and general (blood-borne) infections important for a cosmetologist when deciding whether to proceed with a service?

<p>General infections may contraindicate services due to systemic health risks, whereas localized infections might only require precautions or service modifications. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to avoid placing plastic combs and metal shears in bleach for extended periods?

<p>Extended exposure to bleach can cause corrosion or degradation of the tools, affecting their performance and longevity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the ability of certain bacteria to form spores impact salon infection control protocols?

<p>Spore formation allows certain bacteria to survive harsh conditions, requiring more rigorous disinfection or sterilization methods. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what situation is relying solely on disinfection insufficient, making sterilization absolutely necessary?

<p>When cleaning surfaces that come into contact with non-intact skin or bodily fluids, such as during extractions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can a cosmetologist differentiate between a condition requiring only standard sanitation practices versus one needing disinfection or sterilization?

<p>By determining whether the implements will come into contact with broken skin or bodily fluids. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is proper ventilation important when working with caustic chemicals?

<p>To minimize the risk of respiratory irritation and exposure to harmful vapors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does understanding the shapes of cocci, bacilli, and spirilla bacteria affect a cosmetologist's approach to infection control?

<p>Understanding bacterial shapes helps anticipate their behavior and choose appropriate disinfectants and sterilization techniques. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are implements that have been used in a service and are waiting to be disinfected considered 'septic'?

<p>They are contaminated with potentially infectious microorganisms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Pediculosis

Infestation of lice on the body.

Pediculosis capitis

Infestation of lice specifically on the head.

Tinea

A fungal infection, also known as ringworm.

Tinea capitis

Ringworm of the scalp.

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Tinea Pedis

A fungal infection of the feet, commonly known as athlete's foot.

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Cobalt blue or amber bottles

To protect the contents from light exposure.

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Septic

Indicates unsanitary or contaminated conditions.

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Aseptic

Indicates sanitary or free from infection causing organisms.

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Aseptic

Free from pathogenic bacteria.

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Sodium Hypochlorite

Commonly known as bleach, used as a disinfectant.

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Caustic

A substance that can burn or corrode organic tissue.

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Bleach

Effective disinfectant for laundry, including towels and capes.

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Thrombocytes

Colorless cells that aid in hemostasis.

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Lymph

Colorless or slightly yellow liquid in blood plasma.

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UV Sanitizers

Only for storing previously disinfected items.

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Sterilization

The process that kills all transmissible agents from surfaces.

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Active or natural immunity

Body produces antibodies to fight infection.

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Passive or acquired immunity

Relying on antibodies from an outside source to fight infection.

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Hydrogen Peroxide

Used to cleanse skin, deposit only, or lift and deposit.

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Why not put metal/plastic in bleach?

Bleach is corrosive

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Communicable disease

A disease that can be spread to others.

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Pathogenic bacteria

Bacteria that cause disease.

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Saprophytes

Bacteria that do not cause disease and live off dead matter.

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Local infection

A localized collection of pus surrounded by inflamed tissue.

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Optimal conditions for bacteria

Conditions that support bacterial growth and reproduction.

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Inactive/spore-forming stage

Inactive state of bacteria to protect itself to protect itself in poor growth conditions.

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Phalanges

Bones of the fingers and toes.

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Carpal

Name of the eight bones of the wrist.

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Anatomy

The study of the anatomy of the human body

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Physiology

The study of the functions and activities performed by the body's structures.

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Striated muscles

Muscles attached to bones and are voluntary or consciously controlled.

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Origin

Point where skeletal muscle is attached to a bone.

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Tissue

A tissue defined as two or more cells working together to perform a specialized function.

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Organ

A structure composed of different tissues working together to perform a specific function.

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Non-striated, involuntary

A muscle that is not under conscious control.

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Pityriasis Steatoides

Greasy or waxy form of dandruff.

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Pityriasis Capitis Simplex

Dry, flaky dandruff.

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Afferent Nerves

Nerves that carry impulses toward the brain.

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Efferent Nerves

Nerves that carry impulses away from the brain to the muscles.

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Central Nervous System

Brain and spinal cord.

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Asymptomatic

A condition where a person has a disease, but shows no symptoms.

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Cocci Bacteria

Cocci bacteria have a round shape.

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Bacilli Bacteria

Bacilli bacteria are rod-shaped.

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Spirilla Bacteria

Spirilla bacteria have a spiral or corkscrew shape.

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Motile Bacteria

Bacilli and Spirilla can move using flagella.

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3% H2O2

3% Hydrogen Peroxide is used as an antiseptic.

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Contagious Conditions

Conditions like conjunctivitis, scabies, and the common cold.

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Disinfection

The process of killing or eliminating microorganisms on a surface.

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Hirsutism

The growth of dark, coarse hair in areas where it usually doesn't grow.

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Sterilization by Stylists

The process of cleaning implements is generally not.

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Waxing Procedure

The cooled / hardened wax should be removed in the opposite direction of hair growth.

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Zygomatic/Malar Bone

The zygomatic bone, also known as the malar bone: cheek bone.

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Myology

The study of muscles and muscle tissue.

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Osteology

The study of Bones is called.

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Arteries

The blood vessels carrying blood away from the heart and out towards the body: arteries.

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Involuntary Muscles

Muscles controlled by the autonomic nervous system.

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Hair Growth Pattern

The growth pattern of hair is mainly determined in the hair follicle.

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An Alkaline

Is also known as a base.

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The effect of Vinegar rinse

A Vinegar rinse will close it and add shine / luster.

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A Humectant

May contain a substance that attracts and absorbs water.

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Spore-Forming Bacteria

Bacteria capable of producing spores under harsh conditions.

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Curette

Instrument, also known as a perm rod.

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Endothermic Heat

Heat that comes from within the product

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Finger brace/guard

Little finger rests here on a razor and scissors:

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pH Scale

The concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.

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Alkali

A solution with more Hydroxyl (OH-) ions than Hydrogen (H+) ions.

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Acid

A solution with less Hydroxyl (OH-) ions than Hydrogen (H+) ions.

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Shiny hair

Hair with the cuticle closed.

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Tangled hair

Hair with the cuticle is open.

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Acid Rinse

A rinse that will close cuticle and add shine/luster

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Solvent

A substance that dissolves another substance.

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Solute

The dissolved substance in a mixture

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Emulsion

A mixture of two immiscible substances with a binder

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Emulsifier

A binder ingredient that holds two or more immiscible substances together.

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Active/vegetative stage

Actively growing or multiplying bacteria

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Shrink and harden

The effect acid has on hair

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Salon emulsions

Conditioners are a common example

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Conditioners

An oxidizing solution might NOT contain this.

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Study Notes

  • Pediculosis refers to lice.
  • Pediculosis capitis refers to head lice.
  • Tinea is also known as ringworm.
  • Tinea capitis refers to ringworm of the scalp.
  • Tinea pedis or ringworm causes Athlete's Foot.
  • Cobalt blue or amber bottles protect contents from light.
  • Septic is the term used to describe unsanitary conditions.
  • Aseptic is the term used to describe sanitary conditions.
  • Using unclean implements and storing them in unsanitary conditions indicate they are septic.
  • An object free from pathogenic bacteria is considered aseptic.
  • Sodium Hypochlorite is more commonly known as bleach.
  • Caustic refers to burn.
  • Bleach is a very effective disinfectant for laundry, including towels and capes.
  • Blood platelets, also known as thrombocytes, are colorless cells that help in blood clotting.
  • Lymph is a colorless/slightly yellow liquid found in blood plasma.
  • Ultra violet sanitizers are very effective when used to store previously disinfected implements.
  • Sterilization effectively kills any transmissible agents (fungi, spores, viruses, bacteria, spore forms, etc.) from food, surfaces, or equipment.
  • The body's process of producing antibodies to fight infection: active or natural immunity.
  • The body relies on the injection of antibodies from another source to fight infection: passive or acquired immunity.
  • Hydrogen Peroxide: 2% cleanses the skin; 10 volume is used as a deposit only; 6% and above lifts and deposits.
  • Plastic combs and metal shears should not be placed in bleach because it is corrosive.
  • Disinfection eliminates microorganisms on a surface.
  • A disease that can be spread to others is known as communicable.
  • Bacteria are broadly classified into pathogenic and non-pathogenic groups.
  • The vast majority of bacteria are non-pathogenic.
  • Pathogenic bacteria are harmful and disease-producing.
  • The hand (fingers/digits and palm/carpus) contains 26 bones.
  • Sterilization process of cleaning implements is generally not used by stylists.
  • A person with a contagious disease who shows no symptoms is asymptomatic.
  • Cocci bacteria are round in shape.
  • Bacilli bacteria are rod-shaped.
  • Spirilla bacteria are spiral or corkscrew-shaped.
  • Bacilli and spirilla are the two types of bacteria studied that are motile/mobile.
  • Motile bacilli and spirilla move by use of cilia and flagella.
  • 3% H2O2 is used as an antiseptic.
  • Unclean implements, especially brushes/combs, are likely to spread pediculosis.
  • Conjunctivitis, Tinea, Scabies, Pediculosis, and the common cold are conditions that prevent a cosmetologist from working due to their contagious or communicable nature.
  • Bacteria that do not cause/spread disease and live on dead matter are called saprophytes.
  • Bacteria living on dead matter and using it for energy: saprophytes.
  • Pimples, boils, and carbuncles that contain pus are examples of local infections.
  • A bacterial or viral infection carried by the blood throughout the body: general or blood borne infection.
  • Optimal conditions for bacterial growth and reproduction (warm, damp, etc.): active or vegetative.
  • Bacteria protect itself when growth and reproduction conditions are poor during: inactive or spore forming stage.
  • Bacilli bacterial form can produce spores when survival conditions become difficult.
  • Phalanges are the bones of the fingers and toes.
  • The term phalanges may also refer to knuckles.
  • Carpal refers to the eight bones of the wrist.
  • The growth of dark, coarse hair in typically hair-free areas: both Hirsutism and Hypertrichosis.
  • The process that deals with the structures of the body is anatomy.
  • The process that deals with the functions of the body is physiology.
  • Voluntary muscles: striated.
  • The part that isn't a section of muscle: distal.
  • The fixed/non-movable attachment of a muscle: origin.
  • The part of the muscle attached to the bone (fixed attachment): origin or proximal.
  • The portion of the muscle furthest from the fixed attachment/bone: insertion or distal.
  • The part of or more cells working together to perform a specialized function define tissue.
  • The part of or more types of tissues working together to perform a specialized function: organs.
  • Involuntary muscles: non-striated.
  • Greasy/waxy dandruff: pityriasis steatoidas.
  • Dry and/or flaky dandruff: pityriasis capitis simplex.
  • Nerves that carry impulses towards the brain: afferent nerves.
  • Nerves carrying impulses away from the brain to targeted muscles: efferent nerves.
  • A perm rod is also known as a tool.
  • Alkaline waves should be applied with endothermic heat.
  • The little finger rests on the tang of a razor.
  • The little finger rests on the finger brace/guard of cutting shears.
  • The brain and spinal cord are part of the central nervous system.
  • Cooled/hardened wax in a waxing procedure should be removed rapidly and in the opposite direction of hair growth (both B and C).
  • Zygomatic or Malar bone: cheek bone.
  • Myology is the study of muscles and muscle tissue.
  • The fixed attachment of a muscle: origin.
  • Osteology is the study of bones.
  • Blood vessels carrying blood away from the heart and out towards the body: arteries.
  • Involuntary muscles (heart, lungs, etc.) are controlled by the autonomic nervous system.
  • The growth pattern of hair is determined in the follicle.
  • Another term for an alkaline: base.
  • Acid causes hair to shrink and harden.
  • The concentration of Hydrogen ions : pH.
  • A solution with less hydroxy atoms than hydrogen: Acid.
  • More Hydroxy atoms than Hydrogen atoms: Alkali.
  • Closed hair cuticle will create shiny hair.
  • Open hair cuticle hair will create dull hair.
  • Vinegar is an acid.
  • A vinegar rinse closes the hair's cuticle and adds shine/luster, removing residual soap.
  • An acid rinse closes the cuticle and adds shine.
  • An oxidizing solution might exclude conditioners.
  • A humectant attracts and absorbs water.
  • A widely used humectant: propylene glycol and sorbitol.
  • A commonly used moisturizing ingredient in skin care products: glycerin.
  • A substance that dissolves another substance: solvent.
  • The dissolved substance: solute.
  • A mixture of two or more immiscible substances, joined with a binder: Emulsion.
  • An alternative name for a binder in mixtures of immiscible substances: emulsifier.
  • Common salon emulsions: conditioners and creams.
  • Concentration of Hydrogen ions: pH.
  • A solution that has less Hydroxy atoms than it has Hydrogen atoms: Acid.
  • A solutions that that has more Hydroxy atoms than it has Hydrogen atoms: Alkali.

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