Disinfectants and Antiseptics: Microbiology and Classification
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of disinfection?

  • To kill pathogenic organisms or render them inert (correct)
  • To inhibit microbial growth inside the body
  • To promote microbial growth on inanimate objects
  • To sterilize inanimate objects

What is a key factor that amplifies the natural biological processes leading to acquired resistance?

  • Underuse of antibiotics
  • Proper disposal of antibiotics
  • Overuse and misuse of antibiotics (correct)
  • Limited use of antibiotics in human medicine

What is the main difference between disinfectants and antiseptics?

  • Disinfectants are used on inanimate objects, while antiseptics are used on living tissue (correct)
  • Disinfectants are toxic, while antiseptics are non-toxic
  • Disinfectants are used to promote microbial growth, while antiseptics are used to inhibit it
  • Disinfectants are used on living tissue, while antiseptics are used on inanimate objects

What is a consequence of not completing a full course of antibiotics?

<p>Resistant mutant strains of bacteria are selected (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category of antimicrobial agents includes Penicillins and Cephalosporins?

<p>β-lactams (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common practice in intensive farming of animals that contributes to antibiotic resistance?

<p>Using antibiotics as growth promoters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal aim of an antibacterial agent?

<p>To inhibit the growth of a bacterial pathogen without affecting the host (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a Polypeptide?

<p>Polymyxin B (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the responsibility of doctors in prescribing antibiotics?

<p>To determine the shortest course necessary based on guidelines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Mupirocin?

<p>To inhibit the growth of bacterial pathogens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of the transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from animals to humans?

<p>The emergence of untreatable diseases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of over-prescription and over-use of antibiotics?

<p>The selection of resistant mutant strains of bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of β-lactamase enzymes in producing bacteria?

<p>To protect themselves from their own bacteriocins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many different β-lactamase enzymes were identified as of February 2024?

<p>Exactly 8208 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for contraindicating antibacterial drugs in children with musculoskeletal adverse events?

<p>Musculoskeletal adverse events are a common side effect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of combining a β-lactam agent with an inhibitor agent on antimicrobial susceptibility plates?

<p>Synergistic effect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of TID in the context of PJC dosage?

<p>Three times a day (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between MBC and MIC?

<p>MBC measures the minimum bactericidal concentration, while MIC measures the minimum inhibitory concentration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of laboratory susceptibility testing?

<p>To relate in vitro testing to in vivo therapeutic outcomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the antibiotic combination that includes amoxycillin and clavulanic acid?

<p>Augmentin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should antibacterial drugs be avoided in patients with abnormal heart QT interval?

<p>Antibacterial drugs can prolong the QT interval, increasing the risk of cardiac complications (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of combining amoxycillin and clavulanic acid on antimicrobial susceptibility plates?

<p>Complete susceptibility to ampicillin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for contraindicating antibacterial drugs in patients with Marfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome?

<p>Increased risk of aortic aneurysms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that affects the outcome of MIC tests?

<p>The inoculum size (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of resistance in which the antibiotic is removed from the bacterial cell before it can bind to its target?

<p>Active removal of drug from the bacterial cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bacteria is listed as a critical priority by the WHO?

<p>Acinetobacter baumannii (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the binding of b-lactam anti-bacterial agents to proteins at the cell wall/cell membrane interface?

<p>Cell lysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the enzymes that inactivate b-lactam antibiotics?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of resistance in which the antibiotic is modified or inactivated by enzymes?

<p>Enzymatic inactivation or modification of drug (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common structure found in all b-lactam agents?

<p>B-lactam ring (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of the emergence of new resistance genes?

<p>VRE (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the modification of internal drug targets?

<p>Decreased antibiotic binding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of enzymatic inactivation of drug?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of resistance in which the bacterial cell modifies its cell wall or cell membrane to decrease antibiotic binding?

<p>Modification of the cell wall or cell membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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