Disinfectants and Antiseptics: Microbiology and Classification

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What is the primary purpose of disinfection?

To kill pathogenic organisms or render them inert (correct)

To inhibit microbial growth inside the body

To promote microbial growth on inanimate objects

To sterilize inanimate objects

What is a key factor that amplifies the natural biological processes leading to acquired resistance?

Underuse of antibiotics

Proper disposal of antibiotics

Overuse and misuse of antibiotics (correct)

Limited use of antibiotics in human medicine

What is the main difference between disinfectants and antiseptics?

Disinfectants are used on inanimate objects, while antiseptics are used on living tissue (correct)

Disinfectants are toxic, while antiseptics are non-toxic

Disinfectants are used to promote microbial growth, while antiseptics are used to inhibit it

Disinfectants are used on living tissue, while antiseptics are used on inanimate objects

What is a consequence of not completing a full course of antibiotics?

Resistant mutant strains of bacteria are selected (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which category of antimicrobial agents includes Penicillins and Cephalosporins?

β-lactams (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common practice in intensive farming of animals that contributes to antibiotic resistance?

Using antibiotics as growth promoters (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal aim of an antibacterial agent?

To inhibit the growth of a bacterial pathogen without affecting the host (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a Polypeptide?

Polymyxin B (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the responsibility of doctors in prescribing antibiotics?

To determine the shortest course necessary based on guidelines (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Mupirocin?

To inhibit the growth of bacterial pathogens (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of the transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from animals to humans?

The emergence of untreatable diseases (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of over-prescription and over-use of antibiotics?

The selection of resistant mutant strains of bacteria (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of β-lactamase enzymes in producing bacteria?

To protect themselves from their own bacteriocins (C) Signup and view all the answers

How many different β-lactamase enzymes were identified as of February 2024?

Exactly 8208 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for contraindicating antibacterial drugs in children with musculoskeletal adverse events?

Musculoskeletal adverse events are a common side effect (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of combining a β-lactam agent with an inhibitor agent on antimicrobial susceptibility plates?

Synergistic effect (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of TID in the context of PJC dosage?

Three times a day (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between MBC and MIC?

MBC measures the minimum bactericidal concentration, while MIC measures the minimum inhibitory concentration (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of laboratory susceptibility testing?

To relate in vitro testing to in vivo therapeutic outcomes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the antibiotic combination that includes amoxycillin and clavulanic acid?

Augmentin (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why should antibacterial drugs be avoided in patients with abnormal heart QT interval?

Antibacterial drugs can prolong the QT interval, increasing the risk of cardiac complications (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of combining amoxycillin and clavulanic acid on antimicrobial susceptibility plates?

Complete susceptibility to ampicillin (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for contraindicating antibacterial drugs in patients with Marfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome?

Increased risk of aortic aneurysms (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that affects the outcome of MIC tests?

The inoculum size (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of resistance in which the antibiotic is removed from the bacterial cell before it can bind to its target?

Active removal of drug from the bacterial cell (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bacteria is listed as a critical priority by the WHO?

Acinetobacter baumannii (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the binding of b-lactam anti-bacterial agents to proteins at the cell wall/cell membrane interface?

Cell lysis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the enzymes that inactivate b-lactam antibiotics?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of resistance in which the antibiotic is modified or inactivated by enzymes?

Enzymatic inactivation or modification of drug (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the common structure found in all b-lactam agents?

B-lactam ring (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of the emergence of new resistance genes?

VRE (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the modification of internal drug targets?

Decreased antibiotic binding (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of enzymatic inactivation of drug?