10 Questions
Match the following terms with their correct definitions:
Pathogen = Microorganism that causes disease Transmissible Disease = Diseases that can be transferred from host to host Active Immunity = Body produces antibodies and memory cells (long term) Passive Immunity = Given ready made antibodies by another organism (short term)
Match the following body defences with their functions:
Skin = Secretes oils and other anti microbial substances Nose hairs = Traps pathogens Stomach Acids = Destroys pathogens White Blood Cells = Phagocytosis, antitoxins, produces antibodies
Match the following terms related to antibody function with their correct descriptions:
Antibody = Complementary shaped to antigens, kills or traps antigen Phagocytes = Engulfs and destroys pathogens if antibodies fail to kill Active Immunity = Body produces antibodies and memory cells Passive Immunity = Given ready made antibodies by another organism
Match the following types of immunity with their characteristics:
Active Immunity = Long term, body produces antibodies and memory cells Passive Immunity = Short term, given ready made antibodies by another organism Skin Immunity = Secretes oils and other anti microbial substances Nose Immunity = Traps pathogens
Match the following terms related to pathogen destruction with their correct descriptions:
Antibody-Antigen Interaction = Complementary shaped antibody locks onto antigen, causing destruction Phagocytosis = Process by which phagocytes engulf and destroy pathogens Pathogen Marking = Antibodies mark the pathogen for the phagocytes to engulf Active Immunity = Body produces antibodies and memory cells
Define a pathogen and give an example.
A pathogen is a microorganism that causes disease. An example of a pathogen is a virus.
What is the difference between transmissible and non-transmissible diseases?
Transmissible diseases are those that can be transferred from host to host, either through direct or indirect contact. Non-transmissible diseases cannot be transferred from one person to another.
List three body defenses against pathogens and explain how they work.
Three body defenses against pathogens are: 1) Skin, which secretes oils and other antimicrobial substances to prevent pathogen entry. 2) Nose hairs, which trap pathogens and prevent them from entering the respiratory system. 3) Stomach acids, which kill pathogens that are ingested with food or water.
What is the difference between active and passive immunity?
Active immunity occurs when the body produces antibodies and memory cells in response to an antigen, providing long-term protection. Passive immunity occurs when ready-made antibodies are given to an individual, providing short-term protection.
How do antibodies help in destroying pathogens?
Antibodies are complementary shaped to antigens. They can kill or trap antigens, marking them for phagocytes to engulf and destroy. If antibodies fail to kill the pathogens, phagocytes will take over the destruction process.
Study Notes
Diseases and Immunity
- A pathogen is a microorganism that causes disease.
- Transmissible diseases are diseases that can be transferred from host to host.
- Pathogens can be transmitted through direct contact or indirect contact.
Body Defences
- Skin: secretes oils and other antimicrobial substances.
- Nose hairs: trap pathogens.
- Stomach acids: aid in digestion and destroy pathogens.
- White Blood Cells:
- phagocytosis: engulf and digest foreign particles and cells.
- antitoxins: neutralize toxins.
- produce antibodies.
Immunity
- Active Immunity:
- Body produces antibodies and memory cells (long-term).
- Examples: vaccine, recovering from disease.
- Passive Immunity:
- Given ready-made antibodies by another organism (short-term).
- Examples: breastfeeding, injected antibodies.
Antibodies and Antigens
- Antibodies are complementary shaped to antigens.
- Antibodies kill or trap antigens. If not killed, phagocytes engulf the marked pathogen.
- Lymphocytes secrete antibodies.
Test your knowledge on diseases and immunity with this quiz! Learn about pathogens, transmissible diseases, and how our body defends itself against these invaders. Explore the role of the skin, nose hairs, stomach acids, and white blood cells in our immune system.
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