Disease Symptoms and Diagnosis
39 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the causative agent of syphilis?

  • Herpes simplex virus
  • Trichomonas vaginalis
  • Spirochete
  • Treponema pallidum (correct)

    • What is the characteristic lesion of minimal change disease?

  • Intraseptal vesicles with necrotic cellular debris
  • Gross hematuria (correct)
  • Condylomata acuminate
  • Mesangial deposits of IgA containing immune complexes

    • What is the pathognomonic microscopic lesion of syphilis?

  • Intrapithelial vesicles with necrotic cellular debris
  • Intracytoplasmic spirochetes accompanied by inflammatory cells (correct)
  • Mesangial deposits of IgA containing immune complexes
  • Diffuse effacement of podocyte foot processes

    • How does the chancre of syphilis typically present?

    <p>A small, painful, firm papule 2 to 4 weeks after sexual exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are gummas commonly found in?

    <p>Bone, skin, and the mucous membranes of the upper airway and mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnosis for a tumor with large uniform cells, clear cell borders, clear glycogen-rich cytoplasm, prominent nucleolus, and round nuclei?

    <p>Seminoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a proliferative breast change without atypia?

    <p>Sclerosing adenosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a characteristic of minimal change disease?

    <p>Anti-GBM antibodies in the serum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of fibroadenomas of the breast?

    <p>They may have MED12 mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a morphological finding of chronic pyelonephritis?

    <p>Liquefactive necrosis and collection of neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible symptom of the patient with a history of recurrent kidney stones and depression?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a characteristic of fibroadenomas of the breast?

    <p>They recur more frequently than Phyllodes tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely diagnosis of the patient with an enlarged left inferior parathyroid gland?

    <p>Hyperparathyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible histological feature of the patient's lesion?

    <p>Isolated clusters of large, bizarre, hyperchromatic nuclei with smudged chromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a risk factor for the 44-year-old female patient?

    <p>History of recurrent kidney stones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is false for the patient and their disease?

    <p>Lesion shows invasion to the adjacent fibroadipose tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about cortisol?

    <p>Cortisol level increases in situations such as fever, infection, and stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major enzyme involved in cortisol metabolism?

    <p>11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of breast cancers are sporadic?

    <p>75-80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of anemia in pregnancy?

    <p>Haemoglobin level less than 11 g/dl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Gestational diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected TSH level in subclinical hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Low</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common location of breast cancer?

    <p>Upper outer quadrant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions does not affect HbA1C levels?

    <p>Chronic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the breast mass in breast cancer?

    <p>Painless and hard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What increases the risk of developing cancer in the other breast?

    <p>History of cancer in one breast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of MODY?

    <p>Early-onset diabetes without insulin resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected urinalysis test finding in nephrotic syndrome?

    <p>Proteinuria &gt;3.5 gr/24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of hypertension in pregnancy?

    <p>Absolute blood pressure values systolic &gt; 140 mmHg or diastolic &gt; 90 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for vulvar cancer?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is false about functional hypothalamic amenorrhea?

    <p>It is caused by a pituitary tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most frequent single chromosomal abnormality seen in abortions?

    <p>Trisomy 13</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for ectopic pregnancy?

    <p>Fetal chromosomal anomaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not associated with vulvar cancer?

    <p>Seborrheic keratosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a protective factor for ovarian cancer?

    <p>Salpingectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of the disease if a patient surgically staged with ovarian cancer has malignant pleural effusion and no parenchymal metastases are observed in intra-abdominal organs?

    <p>IIIC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely origin of postcoital bleeding in a 47-year-old woman?

    <p>Cervical polyps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for Trisomy 21?

    <p>Maternal age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct answer associated with Trisomy 18?

    <p>Trisomy 18</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Syphilis

    • Caused by the spirochete Trichomonas vaginalis
    • Characterized by broad, elevated lesions termed condylomata accuminata in the anogenital region, inner thighs, and axillae
    • The chancre begins as a small, painless, firm papule 2-4 weeks after sexual exposure
    • Gummas occur most commonly in bone, skin, and the mucous membranes of the upper airway and mouth, but any organ may be affected

    Minimal Change Disease

    • Characterized by immunofluorescent stain demonstrating mesangial deposits of IgA containing immune complexes
    • Glomeruli show diffuse effacement of podocyte foot processes

    Germ Cell Tumor

    • Consists of large uniform cells with clear cell borders, clear glycogen-rich cytoplasm, prominent nucleolus, and round nuclei
    • Characterized by prominent lymphocytic infiltration with interspersed fibrous septa
    • Diagnosis: Seminoma

    Fibroadenomas

    • Biphasic tumors containing stromal and epithelial components
    • May have MED12 mutations
    • Do not recur more frequently than Phyllodes tumors
    • Present as well-circumscribed masses with rubbery consistency
    • Do not arise from intralobular stroma of breast

    Chronic Pyelonephritis

    • Characterized by chronic inflammation, tubular atrophy, and thyroidization
    • Does not show liquefactive necrosis and collection of neutrophils
    • Periglomerular fibrosis is present

    Cortisol

    • Secretion has a circadian rhythm
    • Free cortisol is the biologically active form of cortisol
    • Levels increase in situations such as fever, infection, and stress
    • The major enzyme involved in cortisol metabolism is 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11-β-HSDH)

    Diabetes Mellitus

    • Gestational diabetes poses a risk factor for type 2 diabetes
    • Genetic penetrance is not high in type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Acromegaly and hyperthyroidism may induce hyperglycemia
    • Fasting and chronic anemias do not affect HbA1C levels
    • In patients with early-onset diabetes, without insulin resistance, and treatable with sulfonylurea type oral antidiabetic drugs, MODY must be considered

    Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea

    • Diagnosis is made with a painless mass in the majority of patients
    • The mass feels hard due to intense stromal reaction
    • The mass is commonly localized in the lower outer, central, upper inner, lower inner, and upper outer quadrants, respectively

    Urinalysis

    • Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by proteinuria >3.5 grams/24 hours

    Obstetrics and Gynecology

    • Hyperemesis gravidarum can be differentiated from morning sickness by detection of ketones in urine
    • Hypertension in pregnancy is defined as absolute blood pressure values: systolic > 140 mmHg or diastolic > 90 mmHg

    Vulvar Cancer

    • Risk factors include lichen sclerosus, obesity, and cigarette smoking
    • Is not associated with seborrheic keratosis
    • Basaloid condyloma, vulvar dystrophy, and squamous hyperplasia are associated with vulvar cancer

    Ovarian Cancer

    • Malignant pleural effusion is detected in stage IIIC disease
    • Salpingectomy is not a protective factor for ovarian cancer
    • Multiple birth, lactation, and oral contraceptive drugs are protective factors for ovarian cancer

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Pathology Lab Exam 2023-2024 PDF

    Description

    Quiz questions about symptoms and diagnosis of diseases such as syphilis and minimal change disease.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser