25 Questions
Which of the following signs is most commonly associated with aortic stenosis?
Systolic murmur in 3rd, 4th Lt sternal border
Which sign is indicative of coarctation of the aorta?
Radio-femoral delay
What is the significance of blood pressure measurement in both upper and lower limbs?
It helps in diagnosing coarctation of the aorta
A systolic ejection click is typically seen in which of the following conditions?
Pulmonary stenosis
Which of the following signs is NOT typically associated with aortic stenosis?
Pulses of UL and LL
Where is the most common site of RV outflow obstruction?
Infundibular site
What is the characteristic of VSD in cyanotic heart diseases?
Large and non-obstructive
What percentage of overriding aorta is right-sided?
20%
Which of the following is a characteristic of RV outflow obstruction?
Right ventricular hypertrophy
What is the relationship between the aorta and the ventricular septal defect in cyanotic heart diseases?
The aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect
What is the characteristic of the aorta in d-TGA?
Aorta arises from right ventricle and is anterior to pulmonary artery
What percentage of patients with TGA have a ventricular septal defect (VSD)?
50%
What is the male-to-female ratio in TGA?
Male > female
What is the characteristic of the pulmonary artery in d-TGA?
Pulmonary artery arises from right ventricle and is posterior to aorta
What type of TGA can occur with intact ventricular septum (VS)?
Both d-TGA and l-TGA
What is the primary concern in treating neonates with hypoperfusion and heart failure?
Stabilizing the patient for surgery
What is the initial treatment for neonates with hypoperfusion and heart failure?
PGE1 administration
What is the primary goal of administering PGE1 in neonates with hypoperfusion and heart failure?
To reopen the ductus arteriosus
What is the treatment approach for older children with heart failure?
Antifailure medications and surgery
Why is PGE1 not used as the primary treatment for older children with heart failure?
It is only necessary for neonates
What is the effect of phenylephrine on systemic vascular resistance?
It increases systemic vascular resistance
What is the direction of the shunt in the treatment of resistant cases?
Right to Left with reversal
What is the primary goal of medical treatment in severe obstruction?
To sustain the patient until surgical intervention
What is the alternative to phenylephrine in the treatment of resistant cases?
Methoxamine
What is the indication for medical treatment in these cases?
Severe obstruction until surgical intervention
Study Notes
Signs of Congenital Heart Disease
- Pulses of Upper Limb (UL) and Lower Limb (LL) are important to check
- Radio-femoral delay is a sign of congenital heart disease
- Blood pressure should be checked in both Upper Limb (UL) and Lower Limb (LL)
- Blood pressure in each arm should be checked separately
- Ejection systolic click and thrill are signs of congenital heart disease
- Systolic murmur in 3rd, 4th Left sternal border is a sign of congenital heart disease
- In neonates, hypoperfusion and Heart Failure (HF) are signs of congenital heart disease
Treatment of Congenital Heart Disease
- In neonates, PGE1 is used to reopen ductus and relieve obstruction before surgery
- In older children, treatment involves managing Heart Failure (HF) with antifailure medications before surgery
- In cyanotic heart diseases, treatment involves managing RV outflow obstruction
- RV outflow obstruction can occur at various sites, with the most common site being the infundibular site
- VSD is often large and non-obstructive
- Overriding of aorta can occur, with the aorta positioned on the right side in 20% of cases
- If resistant, phenylephrine or methoxamine can be used to increase systemic vascular resistance and decrease Rt. → Lt shunt
Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA)
- Medical treatment is necessary for severe obstruction until surgical intervention
- TGA can be either d-TGA or l-TGA, with or without intact Ventricular Septum (VS) or VSD
- Males are more commonly affected than females
- 50% of cases have VSD
- In d-TGA, the aorta arises from the Right Ventricle (RV) and pulmonary artery arises from the Left Ventricle (LV)
- The aorta is positioned anterior and to the right of the pulmonary artery
Identify the signs and symptoms of cardiovascular diseases, including pulse, blood pressure, and murmurs. This quiz covers the diagnosis and detection of heart-related conditions.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
