Cardiovascular Signs and Symptoms

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following signs is most commonly associated with aortic stenosis?

Radio-femoral delay

Blood pressure in both UL and LL

Systolic murmur in 3rd, 4th Lt sternal border (correct)

Ejection systolic click

Which sign is indicative of coarctation of the aorta?

Radio-femoral delay (correct)

Ejection systolic click + thrill

Pulses of UL and LL

Blood pressure in each arm

What is the significance of blood pressure measurement in both upper and lower limbs?

It helps in diagnosing coarctation of the aorta (correct)

It helps in diagnosing cardiac failure

It helps in diagnosing hypertension

It helps in diagnosing aortic stenosis

A systolic ejection click is typically seen in which of the following conditions?

Pulmonary stenosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following signs is NOT typically associated with aortic stenosis?

Pulses of UL and LL Signup and view all the answers

Where is the most common site of RV outflow obstruction?

Infundibular site Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of VSD in cyanotic heart diseases?

Large and non-obstructive Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of overriding aorta is right-sided?

20% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of RV outflow obstruction?

Right ventricular hypertrophy Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the aorta and the ventricular septal defect in cyanotic heart diseases?

The aorta overrides the ventricular septal defect Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the aorta in d-TGA?

Aorta arises from right ventricle and is anterior to pulmonary artery Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of patients with TGA have a ventricular septal defect (VSD)?

50% Signup and view all the answers

What is the male-to-female ratio in TGA?

Male > female Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the pulmonary artery in d-TGA?

Pulmonary artery arises from right ventricle and is posterior to aorta Signup and view all the answers

What type of TGA can occur with intact ventricular septum (VS)?

Both d-TGA and l-TGA Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern in treating neonates with hypoperfusion and heart failure?

Stabilizing the patient for surgery Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial treatment for neonates with hypoperfusion and heart failure?

PGE1 administration Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of administering PGE1 in neonates with hypoperfusion and heart failure?

To reopen the ductus arteriosus Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment approach for older children with heart failure?

Antifailure medications and surgery Signup and view all the answers

Why is PGE1 not used as the primary treatment for older children with heart failure?

It is only necessary for neonates Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of phenylephrine on systemic vascular resistance?

It increases systemic vascular resistance Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of the shunt in the treatment of resistant cases?

Right to Left with reversal Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of medical treatment in severe obstruction?

To sustain the patient until surgical intervention Signup and view all the answers

What is the alternative to phenylephrine in the treatment of resistant cases?

Methoxamine Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication for medical treatment in these cases?

Severe obstruction until surgical intervention Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Signs of Congenital Heart Disease

Pulses of Upper Limb (UL) and Lower Limb (LL) are important to check
Radio-femoral delay is a sign of congenital heart disease
Blood pressure should be checked in both Upper Limb (UL) and Lower Limb (LL)
Blood pressure in each arm should be checked separately
Ejection systolic click and thrill are signs of congenital heart disease
Systolic murmur in 3rd, 4th Left sternal border is a sign of congenital heart disease
In neonates, hypoperfusion and Heart Failure (HF) are signs of congenital heart disease

Treatment of Congenital Heart Disease

In neonates, PGE1 is used to reopen ductus and relieve obstruction before surgery
In older children, treatment involves managing Heart Failure (HF) with antifailure medications before surgery
In cyanotic heart diseases, treatment involves managing RV outflow obstruction
RV outflow obstruction can occur at various sites, with the most common site being the infundibular site
VSD is often large and non-obstructive
Overriding of aorta can occur, with the aorta positioned on the right side in 20% of cases
If resistant, phenylephrine or methoxamine can be used to increase systemic vascular resistance and decrease Rt. → Lt shunt

Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA)

Medical treatment is necessary for severe obstruction until surgical intervention
TGA can be either d-TGA or l-TGA, with or without intact Ventricular Septum (VS) or VSD
Males are more commonly affected than females
50% of cases have VSD
In d-TGA, the aorta arises from the Right Ventricle (RV) and pulmonary artery arises from the Left Ventricle (LV)
The aorta is positioned anterior and to the right of the pulmonary artery

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Description

Identify the signs and symptoms of cardiovascular diseases, including pulse, blood pressure, and murmurs. This quiz covers the diagnosis and detection of heart-related conditions.