6 Questions
What is the most common presentation of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)?
Asymptomatic
Which of the following imaging studies is used in the diagnosis of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)?
Ultrasound (US)
What is the diametric criteria for the diagnosis of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)?
Aortic diameter ≥ 3 cm
Which of the following is a treatment option for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)?
Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR)
What is a risk factor for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)?
Hypertension
Who should undergo ultrasound screening for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)?
Men ≥ 65 years with a history of smoking
Study Notes
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)
Symptoms
- Asymptomatic in most cases
- May cause:
- Abdominal pain or discomfort
- Back pain
- Abdominal tenderness
- Nausea and vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Rupture symptoms:
- Sudden, severe abdominal pain
- Hypotension
- Tachycardia
- Abdominal distension
- Peritoneal signs (guarding, rebound tenderness)
Diagnosis
- Imaging studies:
- Ultrasound (US)
- Computed Tomography (CT) scan
- Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA)
- Diagnostic criteria:
- Aortic diameter ≥ 3 cm
- Aortic diameter ≥ 1.5 times the normal diameter
Treatment Options
-
Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR):
- Minimally invasive procedure
- Stent-graft placement to exclude the aneurysm
-
Open Surgical Repair:
- Open surgical procedure
- Aneurysm resection and graft replacement
-
Watchful Waiting:
- Monitoring with regular imaging studies
- Intervention if aneurysm grows or symptoms develop
Risk Factors
- Age: ≥ 65 years
- Male gender
- Family history of AAA
- Smoking
- Hypertension
- Atherosclerosis
- High cholesterol
Screening
-
USG screening recommended for:
- Men ≥ 65 years with a history of smoking
- Men ≥ 60 years with a family history of AAA
- One-time screening for AAA between 65-75 years
- Interval screening every 5 years for individuals with a normal USG result
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)
Symptoms
- Most cases are asymptomatic
- May cause abdominal pain or discomfort, back pain, abdominal tenderness, nausea and vomiting, and loss of appetite
- Rupture symptoms include sudden, severe abdominal pain, hypotension, tachycardia, abdominal distension, and peritoneal signs
Diagnosis
- Diagnosis is made using imaging studies such as ultrasound (US), Computed Tomography (CT) scan, and Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA)
- Diagnostic criteria include an aortic diameter ≥ 3 cm or ≥ 1.5 times the normal diameter
Treatment Options
Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR)
- Minimally invasive procedure involving stent-graft placement to exclude the aneurysm
Open Surgical Repair
- Open surgical procedure involving aneurysm resection and graft replacement
Watchful Waiting
- Monitoring with regular imaging studies, with intervention if aneurysm grows or symptoms develop
Risk Factors
- Age ≥ 65 years
- Male gender
- Family history of AAA
- Smoking
- Hypertension
- Atherosclerosis
- High cholesterol
Screening
- Ultrasound screening recommended for men ≥ 65 years with a history of smoking and men ≥ 60 years with a family history of AAA
- One-time screening for AAA between 65-75 years
- Interval screening every 5 years for individuals with a normal USG result
This quiz covers the symptoms, diagnosis, and imaging studies of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Test your knowledge of this medical condition!
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