Disease Outbreaks and Epidemics 1 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which term refers to the occurrence of more cases of a disease than expected in a given region, community, or group?

  • Outbreak (correct)
  • Epidemic
  • Endemic
  • Pandemic

What is the term used to describe a disease that is commonly found in, or restricted to a particular region, community, or group?

  • Epidemic
  • Endemic (correct)
  • Outbreak
  • Pandemic

Which term refers to a level of disease in a population that is significantly greater than usual?

  • Endemic
  • Outbreak
  • Epidemic (correct)
  • Pandemic

What is the term used to describe an epidemic that affects multiple regions/areas?

<p>Pandemic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an animal that is infected with a disease called?

<p>Case (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an animal that is not infected with a disease called?

<p>Control (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the first known infected animal in a disease outbreak?

<p>Index case (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the proceeding steps to resolution in identifying the cause of an outbreak?

<p>History, Clinical examination, Environmental assessment, Diagnostics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of an outbreak investigation involves assessing the hygiene, water source, and biosecurity?

<p>Environmental assessment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the first stage in ruling animals in or out during a clinical examination of a disease outbreak?

<p>Diagnostics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some key elements of prevention?

<p>Physical barriers to disease spread and risk segregated housing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who should be trained in disease control, including identification of infectious disease, cleaning and disinfection, etc.?

<p>People trained in disease control (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important consideration when analyzing data in the context of an outbreak?

<p>Source of the outbreak (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a post-mortem examination?

<p>To identify the cause of an outbreak (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important consideration when determining the level of personal protective equipment (PPE) needed?

<p>Mode of transmission (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important factor to consider when designing a facility for disease control?

<p>Physical barriers to disease spread (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of an outbreak?

<p>Occurrence of more cases of a disease than expected in a given region, community, or group; evidence of disease spread within a facility</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a disease that is commonly found in, or restricted to a particular region, community, or group?

<p>Endemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a level of disease in a population that is significantly greater than usual?

<p>Epidemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe an epidemic that affects multiple regions/areas?

<p>Pandemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the first known infected animal in a disease outbreak?

<p>Index case</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of conducting a clinical examination during an outbreak investigation?

<p>Doing a clinical examination is the first stage to ruling animals in or out, especially those that are early phase and acute animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some key elements of prevention in disease control?

<p>Good levels of hygiene and biosecurity, people trained in disease control, good facility design, good nutrition, preventative treatments, stress reduction for animals, communication to owner/stakeholder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is data analysis important in an outbreak investigation?

<p>Data analysis is important as it helps in considering what is going on in the local area and identifying the cause of the outbreak.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who should be trained in disease control and what should they be trained in?

<p>People should be trained in disease control, including identification of infectious disease, cleaning and disinfection, etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some factors that impact the approach to treatment, control, and prevention of diseases?

<p>Characteristics of the causative agent, such as source, mode of transmission, incubation period, shedding patterns, carrier status, effective disinfectants, level of PPE needed, quarantine, and isolation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Disease Terminology

  • An outbreak occurs when there are more cases of a disease than expected in a specific area, community, or group.
  • A endemic disease is one that is consistently found in a particular region, community, or group.
  • An epidemic indicates a higher than usual level of disease occurrence in a population.
  • A pandemic describes an epidemic that spreads across multiple regions or countries.

Animal Terminology

  • An infected animal is one that carries a disease.
  • A healthy animal does not have an infection.
  • The index case refers to the first known infected animal during a disease outbreak.

Outbreak Investigation Process

  • Key steps to resolving an outbreak include identifying the source, mode of transmission, and affected population.
  • Environmental assessment involves analyzing hygiene, water sources, and biosecurity measures.

Clinical Examination

  • The first stage in disease examination involves ruling animals in or out based on clinical signs and symptoms.
  • Clinical examinations are crucial for determining the extent and nature of an outbreak.

Prevention and Control Measures

  • Key elements of disease prevention include vaccination, hygiene, biosecurity protocols, and monitoring health.
  • Individuals involved in disease control should be trained in identifying infectious diseases, cleaning, and disinfection methods.

Data Analysis Importance

  • Analyzing data is vital for understanding the outbreak's spread and impact, guiding intervention strategies.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

  • The level of PPE required is determined by the nature of the disease, route of transmission, and risk assessment of exposure.

Facility Design Considerations

  • When designing a facility for disease control, factors such as ventilation, waste management, and accessibility for cleaning are important.

Post-Mortem Examination

  • The purpose of a post-mortem examination is to determine the cause of death and identify any underlying health conditions that may be significant for disease control.

Disease Control Factors

  • Consideration of factors impacting treatment, control, and prevention includes disease dynamics, population density, and resources available for response.

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