Cholera and Legionnaires' Disease Cases

The number of individuals who experienced the health issue in a specific population.

The total number of individuals in a specific group or population.

The time period over which a health event occurs.

The rate at which a health event occurs in a specific population.

The rate at which a health event occurs in a specific population during a set time period.

A group of people who share a common characteristic or experience, such as attending a conference or staying at a specific hotel.

A characteristic that is shared by all cases in an outbreak, and is not shared by those who are not ill.

The process of identifying the source of an outbreak by studying the characteristics of those who are ill and comparing them to those who are not ill.

A visual representation of the location of events (e.g., deaths) in a specific area. It helps epidemiologists identify patterns and potential sources of disease.

A common source outbreak that spreads from a single source, like contaminated water or food, to multiple individuals. The impact of this type of outbreak can be quick and widespread.

An outbreak where the source of infection is unknown or not easily identified. It can be challenging to control and contain.

The characteristic symptoms, signs, and course of a disease.

The collection of cases of a disease reported over a specific period of time. It can be used to assess the prevalence and trends of a disease in a population.

People who get sick from a common source. The connection between the source and the cases is usually easy to identify.

A person who is exposed to a disease but does not develop symptoms. They can still transmit the disease to others.

Studies where researchers actively control factors to investigate a hypothesis, often involving random assignment of participants to groups. An example is clinical trials for new vaccines.

Research that observes and analyzes existing data without directly manipulating the factors being studied. It is broken down into two categories: descriptive and analytic.

A type of observational study focused on characterizing patterns and summarizing information about a health event or problem. It answers questions like when, where and who is affected.

A type of observational study that examines relationships and potential causes of health problems. It seeks to investigate factors that contribute to the problem, answering questions like 'why' and 'how'.

A research approach that focuses on describing and characterizing the characteristics and distribution of a disease or health event within a population.

A research approach that delves into the factors that contribute to the occurrence of a disease or health event, investigating potential causes, risk factors, and associations.

A collection of information about a health event, such as death records, that is routinely gathered and analyzed to monitor trends.

The process of systematically collecting and analyzing data to investigate health events and patterns. This involves different types of studies, with varying approaches to understanding and addressing health issues.

A study where researchers observe a group of people over time to identify any associations between exposure and health outcomes. This helps understand long-term effects of factors on health.

A study that examines a snapshot of a population at a single point in time, to look for relationships between health outcomes and exposures. It's like taking a picture of the population.

A research method that gathers data from various sources, such as individuals, the environment, healthcare providers, and even non-health related sources like sales records. This offers a comprehensive view of a health issue.

A research approach that aims to discover connections between an exposure or risk factor and a health outcome. It's like figuring out if there's a link between something people are exposed to and their health.

A type of study that describes the characteristics of a population or health event, such as time, place, and person.

A type of study that examines the relationship between two or more variables, such as exposure to a risk factor and the development of a disease.

A study that involves collecting data from individuals over time to track changes in health status or other factors.

A type of study that compares the characteristics of individuals with a disease to those without the disease, aiming to identify factors that may have contributed to the disease.

A measure in cohort studies that compares the risk of developing a disease in an exposed group to the risk in an unexposed group. It's calculated as the ratio of the incidence rate in the exposed group to the incidence rate in the unexposed group.

A study design where researchers identify individuals with and without a specific exposure at a point in time and then follow them forward to see who develops the outcome of interest. This is the most common type of cohort study.

A study design where data on exposure and outcome are collected retrospectively, meaning researchers look back in time to see if those who developed the outcome had the exposure.