CH 2 SUM: Cells the basic units of life
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Questions and Answers

Which organelle is unique to plant cells and is responsible for photosynthesis?

  • Nucleus
  • Vacuole
  • Mitochondria
  • Chloroplast (correct)
  • Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins in both plant and animal cells?

  • Ribosomes (correct)
  • Mitochondria
  • Golgi Apparatus
  • Nucleus
  • Which organelle is primarily responsible for maintaining cell rigidity in plant cells?

  • Vacuole (correct)
  • Cell Wall
  • Chloroplast
  • Nucleus
  • Which transport mechanism moves molecules from an area of higher to lower concentration without energy?

    <p>Simple Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure of the cell membrane is involved in cell recognition and signaling?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transport mechanism moves water from an area of low solute concentration to one of higher concentration?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids in both plant and animal cells?

    <p>Golgi Apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is the site of cellular respiration, converting glucose into ATP, in both plant and animal cells?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transport mechanism requires energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient?

    <p>Active Transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who first observed plant cells and noted their 'cellular' structure?

    <p>Robert Hooke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of microscope allowed for more detailed visualization of intricate internal structures like organelles?

    <p>Electron microscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microscopy technique uses chemical stains to enhance the visibility of internal cell structures?

    <p>Chemical staining microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What limitation did early simple lens microscopes have?

    <p>They had limited magnification and resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who made significant contributions to the study of microbiology by observing bacteria and single-celled organisms?

    <p>Antonie van Leeuwenhoek</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of microscope was used to make the initial observations of cells?

    <p>Simple lens microscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did advancements in light microscopy improve cellular studies?

    <p>By significantly improving the clarity and magnification of cellular structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main challenge with early microscopes in observing cells?

    <p>They had limited magnification and resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What discovery did Robert Hooke make regarding plant cells?

    <p>He discovered their 'cellular' structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microscopy technique provides higher magnification and resolution compared to other techniques?

    <p>Electron microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transport mechanism moves molecules against their concentration gradient without energy input?

    <p>Carrier-facilitated transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transport mechanism requires energy in the form of ATP?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is typically transported via carrier-facilitated diffusion?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular structure increases the surface area of the cell membrane to enhance absorption of nutrients?

    <p>Microvilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular structures are involved in the uptake of liquids and larger particles, respectively?

    <p>Pinocytotic vesicles and phagocytic vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular component integrates closely with the cell membrane for structural support?

    <p>Cytoskeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular component integrates closely with the cell membrane for material transfer and signaling pathways?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance passes through the cell membrane via simple diffusion?

    <p>Lipid-soluble molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of convex lenses in microscopes?

    <p>To magnify objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of a light microscope?

    <p>Cellulose wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of electron microscope can achieve magnifications up to 50 million times?

    <p>Both TEM and SEM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the cell theory, which of the following statements is true?

    <p>Cells exhibit essential life functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organelles is involved in photosynthesis?

    <p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cell membrane?

    <p>To regulate the movement of substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a specific feature of animal cells?

    <p>Centrioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common feature in both plant and animal cells?

    <p>Lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the size of the field of view change with increasing magnification?

    <p>Decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of plasmodesmata in plant cells?

    <p>To connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transport moves substances against their concentration gradient without energy input?

    <p>Carrier-Facilitated Transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecules typically pass through the cell membrane via osmosis?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To maintain essential cellular functions, which ions utilize active transport mechanisms?

    <p>Sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular structure increases the surface area of the cell membrane to enhance nutrient absorption?

    <p>Microvilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of pinocytotic vesicles in cells?

    <p>Uptake of liquids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids?

    <p>Golgi Apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transport mechanism moves substances against their concentration gradient without energy input?

    <p>Carrier-Facilitated Transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular structure increases the surface area of the cell membrane to enhance absorption of nutrients?

    <p>Microvilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For material transfer and signaling pathways, the cell membrane integrates closely with which cellular component?

    <p>Cytoskeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is typically transported via carrier-facilitated diffusion?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is primarily responsible for maintaining cell rigidity in plant cells?

    <p>Cell Wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of pinocytotic vesicles in cells?

    <p>Uptake of Liquids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these molecules passes through the cell membrane via osmosis?

    <p><strong>Water</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ions like sodium and potassium utilize which mechanism to maintain essential cellular functions?

    <p><strong>Active Transport</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lipid-soluble molecules, oxygen, and carbon dioxide pass through the cell membrane via which process?

    <p><strong>Simple Diffusion</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular component is involved in the uptake of larger particles?

    <p>Pinocytotic Vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism moves substances against their concentration gradient without energy input?

    <p>Carrier-Facilitated Transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of microvilli in relation to the cell membrane?

    <p>Increasing surface area for nutrient absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transport is primarily responsible for moving glucose across the cell membrane?

    <p>Facilitated Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of pinocytotic vesicles in cells?

    <p>Absorbing liquids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular component integrates closely with the cell membrane for material transfer and signaling pathways?

    <p>Cytoskeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do ions like sodium and potassium primarily maintain essential cellular functions?

    <p>Active Transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Water primarily moves through the cell membrane via which process?

    <p><strong>Osmosis</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass through the cell membrane primarily via which process?

    <p><strong>Simple Diffusion</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glucose is typically transported through the cell membrane using which mechanism?

    <p><strong>Facilitated Diffusion</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ions like sodium and potassium move across the cell membrane primarily through which mechanism?

    <p><strong>Active Transport</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins in both plant and animal cells?

    <p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Golgi Apparatus in cells?

    <p>Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of microvilli in relation to the cell membrane?

    <p>Enhancing nutrient absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular structure is unique to plant cells and is responsible for photosynthesis?

    <p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In plant cells, which organelle is primarily responsible for maintaining cell rigidity?

    <p>Vacuole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of centrioles in animal cells?

    <p>Cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of lipids and detoxification in cells?

    <p>Smooth ER</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental concept of the Cell Theory?

    <p>All living things are composed of cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Fluid Mosaic Model describe about the cell membrane?

    <p>The dynamic nature of proteins within the membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advancement in microscopy led to the creation of Transmission Electron Microscopes (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEM)?

    <p>Employing beams of electrons instead of light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the field of view affected as the magnification of a microscope increases?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for converting solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis in plant cells?

    <p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component provides structural strength and protection to plant cells?

    <p>Cell Wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cell theory, what is posited about the origin of all cells?

    <p>All cells originate from pre-existing cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one primary function of the cell membrane in both plant and animal cells?

    <p>Regulating substance movement in and out of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is involved in breaking down waste materials and cellular debris in animal cells?

    <p>Lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do plasmodesmata serve as in plant cells?

    <p>Channels for communication between cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure connects adjacent plant cells through channels for transport and communication?

    <p>Plasmodesmata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of centrioles in animal cells?

    <p>Cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transport mechanism is used for moving substances against their concentration gradient without energy input?

    <p>Carrier-facilitated transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular structure is directly involved in enhancing the absorption of nutrients by increasing the surface area of the cell membrane?

    <p>Microvilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is typically transported via carrier-facilitated diffusion through the cell membrane?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ions primarily utilize active transport mechanisms to maintain essential cellular functions?

    <p>Sodium and potassium ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular component integrates closely with the cell membrane for structural support?

    <p>Cytoskeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of molecules pass through the cell membrane by simple diffusion?

    <p>Lipid-soluble molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance moves through the cell membrane via osmosis?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular structures are involved in the uptake of liquids and larger particles, respectively?

    <p>Pinocytotic and phagocytic vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a transport mechanism across the cell membrane?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is primarily responsible for maintaining cell rigidity in plant cells?

    <p>Cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who discovered plant cells in 1665 and noted their 'cellular' structure in cork?

    <p>Robert Hooke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advancement significantly improved the clarity and magnification of cellular structures by the early 1900s?

    <p>Development of more sophisticated light microscopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In 1940, which revolutionary development provided much higher magnification and resolution for detailed visualization of organelles?

    <p>Discovery of the electron microscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Antonie van Leeuwenhoek observe using more refined lenses to advance the study of microbiology?

    <p>Bacteria and single-celled organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of microscopy technique offers higher magnification and resolution compared to other methods?

    <p>Electron microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Robert Hooke discover in 1665, making an important contribution to the study of cells?

    <p>Plant cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary limitation of early simple lens microscopes in observing cells?

    <p>Low magnification and resolution capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did chemical stains contribute to the study of cell structures?

    <p>Enhanced visibility of internal cell structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the large central vacuole in plant cells?

    <p>Storage and maintaining cell rigidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is primarily involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification in both plant and animal cells?

    <p>Smooth ER</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular process is unique to plant cells and occurs in chloroplasts?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the cell membrane in both plant and animal cells?

    <p>Protection and regulation of substances entering and leaving the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the cell membrane is primarily responsible for cell recognition and signaling?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transport across the cell membrane utilizes energy in the form of ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids in animal cells?

    <p>Golgi body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecules typically pass through the cell membrane via osmosis?

    <p>Water molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of centrioles in animal cells?

    <p>Involvement in cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular structure is unique to plant cells and plays a crucial role in photosynthesis?

    <p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientific advancement significantly improved the clarity and magnification of cellular structures?

    <p>The development of advanced light microscopes in the early 1900s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which discovery was made concurrently with Robert Hooke's observation of plant cells?

    <p>The observation of single-celled organisms by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique was used to enhance the visibility of internal cell structures in early microscopy?

    <p>Chemical staining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microscopy technique was developed to visualize intricate internal structures like organelles?

    <p>Electron microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microscopy technique was used to observe cells as tiny, colorless, and translucent units in the 17th century?

    <p>Simple lens microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microscopy technique offers higher magnification and resolution compared to other methods?

    <p>Electron microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist made significant contributions to microbiology by observing bacteria and single-celled organisms?

    <p>Antonie van Leeuwenhoek</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microscopy technique was used to make the initial observations of cells in the 17th century?

    <p>Simple lens microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microscopy technique uses chemical stains to enhance the visibility of internal cell structures?

    <p>Fluorescence microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle was not likely to have been observed using simple lens microscopes in the 17th century?

    <p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transport mechanism moves substances against their concentration gradient without energy input, yet still requires a specific carrier protein?

    <p>Carrier-mediated transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular structure is involved in the uptake of larger particles and is NOT directly related to the cell membrane?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is NOT typically transported via simple diffusion through the cell membrane?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular component integrates closely with the cell membrane, NOT for material transfer but for structural support?

    <p>Cytoskeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance moves through the cell membrane NOT via osmosis but through a specific transport mechanism?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular structure is NOT involved in increasing the surface area of the cell membrane for enhanced absorption?

    <p>Tight junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transport mechanism moves molecules against their concentration gradient and requires energy NOT in the form of ATP but from an electrochemical gradient?

    <p>Secondary active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular component is NOT involved in the uptake of substances into the cell?

    <p>Cytoskeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is NOT transported across the cell membrane via simple diffusion?

    <p>Sodium ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular structure is NOT directly involved in the integration of the cell membrane with other cellular components?

    <p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the plasmodesmata in plant cells?

    <p>Allowing transport and communication between adjacent cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle in animal cells is primarily responsible for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris?

    <p>Lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant difference in the structural composition between plant and animal cells?

    <p>Only plant cells have a cell wall made of cellulose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the nucleus within a cell?

    <p>Directing cellular activities and housing genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

    <p>Converting solar energy into chemical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In plant cells, what is a unique feature that provides structural strength and rigidity?

    <p>Cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle in plant cells acts as a central storage for water and other substances?

    <p>Vacuole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do electron microscopes achieve magnifications up to 50 million times?

    <p>By employing electron beams instead of light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the cytoplasm within a cell?

    <p>Performing essential life functions like metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lysosomes in animal cells?

    <p>Breaking down waste materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transport mechanism is primarily used for moving ions like sodium and potassium to maintain essential cellular functions?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cellular structure is directly involved in enhancing the absorption of nutrients by increasing the surface area of the cell membrane?

    <p>Microvilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process allows lipid-soluble molecules, oxygen, and carbon dioxide to pass through the cell membrane?

    <p>Simple diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular component is NOT involved in the uptake of substances into the cell, but rather integrates closely with the cell membrane for material transfer and signaling pathways?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transport mechanism moves molecules against their concentration gradient without energy input?

    <p>Carrier-facilitated transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common feature in both plant and animal cells?

    <p>Cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

    <p>Photosynthesis and production of glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the cell membrane in both plant and animal cells?

    <p>Protection of the cell from external environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is typically transported via carrier-facilitated diffusion through the cell membrane?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transport mechanism moves molecules from an area of higher to lower concentration without energy?

    <p>Simple diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

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