SYMPOSIUM 2: HIV and AIDS (GD, DT)
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Questions and Answers

Which two animals are believed to be the origins of HIV?

  • Sooty mangabeys and bonobos
  • Chimpanzees and gorillas
  • Chimpanzees and sooty mangabeys (correct)
  • Gorillas and bonobos

    • When did the epidemic of HIV begin in Kinshasa?

  • 1914-1918
  • 1981
  • 1990
  • 1969-1972 (correct)

    • What was the year when the first clinical cases of HIV were reported?

  • 1981 (correct)
  • 1972
  • 1914
  • 1969

    • What event led to the rapid spread of HIV within the gay community?

    <p>Intravenous drug use (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the overall aim of session 1 and 2 of the clinical symposium?

    <p>To discuss the historical context of HIV/AIDS (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the topics covered in the patient panel during the symposium?

    <p>HIV drugs and disease monitoring (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the factors that contributed to the origins of HIV?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key themes discussed in the patient panel?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the title of the BBC radio drama mentioned in the text?

    <p>End of Transmission (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the factors that contributed to the rapid spread of HIV?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By August 1982, the disease was referred to as:

    <p>Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When was HIV discovered?

    <p>1984 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which groups were most affected by the disease in the developed world?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does KS stand for?

    <p>Kaposi's Sarcoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When was the antibody test for HIV developed?

    <p>1985 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the first monotherapy used for HIV treatment?

    <p>AZT (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the estimated national prevalence of HIV infection in adults aged 15-49 years by the end of 2001 in Western European, North American, and other Industrialized Countries?

    <p>0.6% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did Freddy Mercury die?

    <p>1994 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the first antenatal and intrapartum treatment to decrease HIV transmission from mother to child?

    <p>AZT (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current practice for HIV treatment?

    <p>Combination therapy (3 drugs) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are the primary targets of HIV?

    <p>CD4 T-cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the HIV-specific CD8 T-cells during initial infection?

    <p>They increase in number (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of CD4 T lymphocytes in the immune response?

    <p>They regulate the immune response (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe infections that a healthy person would normally be able to resist but occur in individuals with weakened immune systems?

    <p>Opportunistic infections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an opportunistic infection?

    <p>Tuberculosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can contribute to rapid progression to AIDS in individuals infected with HIV?

    <p>Higher viral load (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main determinant of the rate of HIV disease progression in individuals?

    <p>Viral load (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genetic deletion provides almost full protection from acquiring HIV infection?

    <p>CCR5-Δ32 deletion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe non-treated individuals with very low viral load set point?

    <p>Elite controllers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the inherent capacity of the virus to replicate called?

    <p>Virus fitness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for the cleavage of long polypeptide chains into functional proteins?

    <p>Protease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main receptor used by HIV for cell entry?

    <p>CD4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells express the co-receptors CCR5 and CXCR4, which are used by HIV for cell entry?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus enzyme is responsible for reverse transcription of viral RNA into DNA?

    <p>Reverse transcriptase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of HIV virus uses the chemokine receptor CCR5 for cell entry?

    <p>R5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are the primary targets of HIV infection?

    <p>CD4 T cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokines stimulate HIV gene expression in infected T cells?

    <p>IL-2 and TNF (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells can HIV establish latent infection within?

    <p>Memory CD4 T cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of rapid and severe T cell depletion during primary HIV infection?

    <p>High levels of replication in the gut mucosa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of the development of AIDS?

    <p>Chronic inflammation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for controlling HIV infection in the early phase?

    <p>CD8 T cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of vaccination against HIV?

    <p>To generate broadly neutralizing antibodies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibodies are specific to envelope glycoproteins and capsid proteins of HIV?

    <p>Early antibodies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does HIV typically enter the body?

    <p>Mucosal epithelia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of nucleic acid tests (NAT) for HIV testing?

    <p>To detect viral RNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antibody is used as the detection antibody in the HIV-p24 antibody test?

    <p>IgG antibody (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the substrate solution in the HIV-p24 antibody test?

    <p>To measure the intensity of the color (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which zone of the lateral flow-test strip contains colored antibodies specific to the analyte?

    <p>Conjugate pad (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the test line on the lateral flow-test strip indicate?

    <p>Presence of HIV antibodies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should a PCR test be considered for HIV testing?

    <p>When the exposure was very recent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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