50 Questions
Which two animals are believed to be the origins of HIV?
Chimpanzees and sooty mangabeys
When did the epidemic of HIV begin in Kinshasa?
1969-1972
What was the year when the first clinical cases of HIV were reported?
1981
What event led to the rapid spread of HIV within the gay community?
Intravenous drug use
What is the overall aim of session 1 and 2 of the clinical symposium?
To discuss the historical context of HIV/AIDS
What is one of the topics covered in the patient panel during the symposium?
HIV drugs and disease monitoring
What are some of the factors that contributed to the origins of HIV?
All of the above
What is one of the key themes discussed in the patient panel?
All of the above
What is the title of the BBC radio drama mentioned in the text?
End of Transmission
What is one of the factors that contributed to the rapid spread of HIV?
All of the above
By August 1982, the disease was referred to as:
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
When was HIV discovered?
1984
Which groups were most affected by the disease in the developed world?
All of the above
What does KS stand for?
Kaposi's Sarcoma
When was the antibody test for HIV developed?
1985
What was the first monotherapy used for HIV treatment?
AZT
What was the estimated national prevalence of HIV infection in adults aged 15-49 years by the end of 2001 in Western European, North American, and other Industrialized Countries?
0.6%
When did Freddy Mercury die?
1994
What was the first antenatal and intrapartum treatment to decrease HIV transmission from mother to child?
AZT
What is the current practice for HIV treatment?
Combination therapy (3 drugs)
Which cells are the primary targets of HIV?
CD4 T-cells
What happens to the HIV-specific CD8 T-cells during initial infection?
They increase in number
What is the role of CD4 T lymphocytes in the immune response?
They regulate the immune response
What is the term used to describe infections that a healthy person would normally be able to resist but occur in individuals with weakened immune systems?
Opportunistic infections
Which of the following is an example of an opportunistic infection?
Tuberculosis
Which of the following factors can contribute to rapid progression to AIDS in individuals infected with HIV?
Higher viral load
What is the main determinant of the rate of HIV disease progression in individuals?
Viral load
Which genetic deletion provides almost full protection from acquiring HIV infection?
CCR5-Δ32 deletion
What is the term used to describe non-treated individuals with very low viral load set point?
Elite controllers
What is the inherent capacity of the virus to replicate called?
Virus fitness
Which enzyme is responsible for the cleavage of long polypeptide chains into functional proteins?
Protease
What is the main receptor used by HIV for cell entry?
CD4
Which cells express the co-receptors CCR5 and CXCR4, which are used by HIV for cell entry?
All of the above
Which virus enzyme is responsible for reverse transcription of viral RNA into DNA?
Reverse transcriptase
Which type of HIV virus uses the chemokine receptor CCR5 for cell entry?
R5
Which cells are the primary targets of HIV infection?
CD4 T cells
Which cytokines stimulate HIV gene expression in infected T cells?
IL-2 and TNF
Which cells can HIV establish latent infection within?
Memory CD4 T cells
What is the main cause of rapid and severe T cell depletion during primary HIV infection?
High levels of replication in the gut mucosa
What is the main cause of the development of AIDS?
Chronic inflammation
Which cells are responsible for controlling HIV infection in the early phase?
CD8 T cells
What is the main goal of vaccination against HIV?
To generate broadly neutralizing antibodies
Which antibodies are specific to envelope glycoproteins and capsid proteins of HIV?
Early antibodies
Where does HIV typically enter the body?
Mucosal epithelia
What is the main purpose of nucleic acid tests (NAT) for HIV testing?
To detect viral RNA
Which type of antibody is used as the detection antibody in the HIV-p24 antibody test?
IgG antibody
What is the purpose of the substrate solution in the HIV-p24 antibody test?
To measure the intensity of the color
Which zone of the lateral flow-test strip contains colored antibodies specific to the analyte?
Conjugate pad
What does the test line on the lateral flow-test strip indicate?
Presence of HIV antibodies
When should a PCR test be considered for HIV testing?
When the exposure was very recent
Test your knowledge on HIV and AIDS by taking this informative quiz. Learn about the historical context, HIV drugs and disease monitoring, HIV prevention, and how the global epidemic has evolved. Get insights from a patient panel and explore HIV immunology. Don't miss this opportunity to enhance your understanding of this important topic.
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