202 Symposium 2 Epilespy
100 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which type of epilepsy is sodium valproate considered a first-line treatment for?

  • Primary generalized epilepsy (correct)
  • Hippocampal sclerosis
  • Partial (focal onset) epilepsy
  • Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy

    • Which type of epilepsy is carbamazepine considered a first-line treatment for?

  • Hippocampal sclerosis
  • Partial (focal onset) epilepsy (correct)
  • Primary generalized epilepsy
  • Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy

    • What percentage of patients with refractory epilepsy have idiopathic (primary) epilepsy?

  • 27% (correct)
  • 43%
  • 20%
  • 39%

    • What is the main side effect of phenytoin?

    <p>Ataxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the long-term side effect of sodium valproate?

    <p>Menstrual irregularities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can contribute to the variability of response to antiepileptic drugs?

    <p>Genetic differences among patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main enzyme inhibitor among the listed antiepileptic drugs?

    <p>Valproate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about antiepileptic drugs (AEDs)?

    <p>AEDs control epilepsy's major symptom: seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of pharmacological treatments for epilepsy?

    <p>To control the major symptom of epilepsy: seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to increased activity in the brain during epilepsy?

    <p>Increased efficiency of inhibitory synaptic transmission - GABA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of sodium channel blockers in the treatment of epilepsy?

    <p>To reduce membrane excitability and prevent seizure spread</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the oldest sodium channel blocker?

    <p>Phenytoin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sodium channel blockers enhances slow inactivation of sodium channels?

    <p>Lacosamide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of drugs with more selective actions at sodium channels?

    <p>They have less side-effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of calcium channels are heavily represented in thalamic neurons and are involved in bursting and intrinsic oscillations?

    <p>T-type calcium channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is responsible for reducing the efficiency of excitatory synaptic transmission?

    <p>Glutamate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiepileptic drug is a non-competitive blocker of AMPA glutamate receptors and reduces the spread or generalization of seizures?

    <p>Perampanel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiepileptic drug acts by competitively inhibiting the voltage-gated sodium channel in its inactive state, prolonging the period between successive firings?

    <p>Carbamazepine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurotransmitter release can be controlled by voltage-activated calcium channels?

    <p>Excitatory neurotransmitter release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiepileptic drug acts as a facilitator of GABAergic transmission by inhibiting GABA-T (GABA transaminase)?

    <p>Vigabatrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiepileptic drug is a high-affinity synaptic vesicle protein-2A ligand and modulates neurotransmitter release?

    <p>Levetiracetam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is NOT an outstanding problem with all antiepileptic agents?

    <p>Lack of side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the ideal properties of an antiepileptic drug?

    <p>Low side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do antiepileptic agents have so many side effects?

    <p>High toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What issues particularly face women starting epilepsy treatment?

    <p>Reproductive concerns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiepileptic drug is mentioned in a retrospective study in epilepsy clinics in the UK?

    <p>Lacosamide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiepileptic drug showed a good response of over 90% reduction in seizure frequency in a study involving pediatric patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome?

    <p>Lacosamide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiepileptic drug is mentioned in a perspective article about the use of perampanel and intravenous carbamazepine for generalized seizures?

    <p>Carbamazepine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiepileptic drug is mentioned in a pooled analysis of three phase III studies for the treatment of refractory partial seizures?

    <p>Carbamazepine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiepileptic drug acts as a facilitator of GABAergic transmission by inhibiting GABA-T (GABA transaminase)?

    <p>Valproate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of temporal lobe epilepsy?

    <p>Forced head/eye deviation to the contralateral side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seizure is often misdiagnosed as non-epileptic?

    <p>Frontal lobe seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seizure is strongly associated with a space-occupying lesion?

    <p>Frontal lobe seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seizure is characterized by positive sensory symptoms like tingling and pain?

    <p>Parietal lobe seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seizure is characterized by simple visual hallucinations like balls of colored or flashing lights?

    <p>Occipital lobe seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antiepileptic drugs can make myoclonic jerks and absences worse?

    <p>Phenytoin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seizure is suggestive of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy?

    <p>Occipital lobe seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seizure should prompt a brain scan recommendation?

    <p>Jacksonian motor or sensory seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seizure is characterized by a temporary unilateral weakness known as Todds paresis?

    <p>Frontal lobe seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seizure is associated with alcohol withdrawal?

    <p>Frontal lobe seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seizures are provoked by acute insults such as stroke, infection, alcohol withdrawal, or a metabolic disturbance?

    <p>Acute symptomatic seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seizures are characterized by electrical discharges appearing to start over the whole brain at the same time on EEG?

    <p>Primary generalized onset seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seizures are characterized by electrical discharges appearing to start in one cortical region and then may remain localized or may spread over the whole brain?

    <p>Partial/focal onset seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seizures have a limited repertoire of seizures including tonic-clonic seizures, absences, tonic seizures, atonic seizures, and myoclonic seizures?

    <p>Idiopathic (Primary) generalized seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seizures are the commonest form of primary generalized epilepsy and have an onset in childhood or adolescence?

    <p>Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seizures are characterized by early morning myoclonic jerks and can be triggered by photosensitivity and sleep deprivation?

    <p>Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seizures occur with sudden onset, without warning, and have an increased risk of injury for the patient?

    <p>Primary generalized onset seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seizures are abrupt, short, and can occur multiple times a day, leading to learning difficulties?

    <p>Partial/focal onset seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seizures are characterized by the seizure activity localized at onset and recruiting activity in other leads as the seizure spreads?

    <p>Partial/focal onset seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the brain is most commonly associated with temporal lobe seizures?

    <p>Temporal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a physiological definition of an epileptic seizure?

    <p>An explosion of synchronous activity by lots of neurons at once</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the brain prone to seizure activity?

    <p>A network of excitatory neurons connected together is potentially explosive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which parts of a normal brain are converted to a hyperexcitable brain called?

    <p>Epileptogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epilepsy represents a hyperexcitation or a failure of inhibitory regulation?

    <p>Generalized epilepsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main requirement to avoid the 'explosion' of activity in the brain?

    <p>More inhibition than excitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seizures have a tendency to spread throughout the cerebral cortex?

    <p>Generalized seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seizures are characterized by a brief change in behavior caused by the synchronous and rhythmic firing of action potentials?

    <p>Focal seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor contributing to increased activity in the brain during epilepsy?

    <p>Positive feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epilepsy is characterized by seizure activity localized at onset and recruiting activity in other leads as the seizure spreads?

    <p>Focal epilepsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seizures are characterized by early morning myoclonic jerks and can be triggered by photosensitivity and sleep deprivation?

    <p>Generalized seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ion channels are implicated in genetic epilepsy when mutated?

    <p>Both voltage-gated and ligand-gated ion channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the electroencephalogram (EEG) record?

    <p>The electrical activity of very large numbers of neurons in the cerebral cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of focal (partial) seizures?

    <p>Cerebral cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the synchronized 'paroxysmal depolarizing shift' (PDS) during focal seizures?

    <p>Both increased extracellular K+ and glutamate release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do focal seizures spread to other brain regions?

    <p>Along the normal neuronal pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary origin of generalized seizures?

    <p>Thalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What brain region is more prone to seizures than the neocortex?

    <p>Hippocampus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can secondary generalization of seizures involve?

    <p>Spread of activity to the thalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the electroencephalogram (EEG) help with?

    <p>Determining the localization of a seizure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ion channels implicated in genetic epilepsy?

    <p>Both action potential generation and repolarization impaired</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of inhibitory pathways in the brain?

    <p>To act as a brake and balance hyperexcitability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can induce convulsions and lift depression in some patients?

    <p>AZT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause a single neuron to fire bursts of action potentials?

    <p>Intrinsic ability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of sodium channels and calcium channels in epilepsy?

    <p>They play an important part in epilepsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seizures are particularly common at night?

    <p>Nocturnal seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of antiepileptic drug therapy?

    <p>To treat the seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drugs were the first generation of antiepileptic drugs?

    <p>Sodium channel blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of antiepileptic drug therapy in terms of sodium channels?

    <p>To have a selective effect on sodium channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of epilepsy?

    <p>Muscle weakness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor contributing to increased activity in the brain during epilepsy?

    <p>Low potassium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epilepsy is characterized by seizure activity localized at onset and recruiting activity in other brain regions as the seizure spreads?

    <p>Focal epilepsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main requirement to avoid the 'explosion' of activity in the brain during epilepsy?

    <p>Increased inhibitory regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT true about epilepsy Genesis?

    <p>It is an explosion of activity by lots of neurons at once</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor contributing to increased activity in the brain during epilepsy?

    <p>Electrical brainstorms in the cerebral cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the patient during an epileptic seizure?

    <p>It depends on where the seizure is passing through</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ion channels implicated in genetic epilepsy?

    <p>They reduce the efficiency of excitatory synaptic transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of patients with epilepsy will respond well to medications and be seizure free?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why valproate is not favored in young women?

    <p>It is teratogenic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern regarding the use of antiepileptic drugs in women with a learning disability?

    <p>It can increase the risk of congenital malformations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to be aware of drug interactions with antiepileptic drugs?

    <p>To avoid interactions with other medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key messages the speaker wants to drive home about antiepileptic drugs?

    <p>Not all antiepileptic drugs are equal for an individual patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the disadvantages of using older antiepileptic drugs?

    <p>They can have nasty toxic effects, especially when used for a long time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of matching antiepileptic drugs to patients?

    <p>To minimize side effects and optimize efficacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one advantage of more modern antiepileptic drugs?

    <p>They tend to have fewer side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epilepsy is more likely to be mentioned in the text?

    <p>Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of all epilepsy cases that are juvenile myoclonic epilepsy?

    <p>More than 10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is typically affected by juvenile myoclonic epilepsy?

    <p>Adolescents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy?

    <p>It is a lifelong condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can provoke seizures in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy?

    <p>Sleep deprivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the warnings about flashing lights?

    <p>To prevent seizures in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    202 T2 L1 Nasal Cavity and Orbit Quiz
    52 questions

    202 T2 L1 Nasal Cavity and Orbit Quiz

    ProlificSynergy avatar
    ProlificSynergy
    202 T1 Stroke Symposium
    123 questions

    202 T1 Stroke Symposium

    ProlificSynergy avatar
    ProlificSynergy
    202 Psychosis and Schizophrenia Symposium
    34 questions

    202 Psychosis and Schizophrenia Symposium

    ProlificSynergy avatar
    ProlificSynergy
    202 Practice KT Quiz 1
    30 questions

    202 Practice KT Quiz 1

    ProlificSynergy avatar
    ProlificSynergy
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser