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Questions and Answers
Who was responsible for discovering that the nervous system was composed of billions of individual independent nerve cells?
Who was responsible for discovering that the nervous system was composed of billions of individual independent nerve cells?
Which scientist led the Human Genome Project with Francis Crick?
Which scientist led the Human Genome Project with Francis Crick?
Marie Curie is credited for:
Marie Curie is credited for:
Jocelyn Bell Burnell is credited for:
Jocelyn Bell Burnell is credited for:
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In 1911, Rutherford published his model of the atom which he likened to:
In 1911, Rutherford published his model of the atom which he likened to:
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The work of Patricia Bath involved:
The work of Patricia Bath involved:
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Who was the first woman and civilian to fly in space?
Who was the first woman and civilian to fly in space?
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The particle exists outside of the nucleus of an atom:
The particle exists outside of the nucleus of an atom:
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Of the three fundamental polymers, which one relays instructions to create proteins?
Of the three fundamental polymers, which one relays instructions to create proteins?
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Who discovered that most chemical elements could be created step-by-step by nuclear reactions within large stars?
Who discovered that most chemical elements could be created step-by-step by nuclear reactions within large stars?
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Which scientist is credited with coining the term 'Big Bang?'
Which scientist is credited with coining the term 'Big Bang?'
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S.N. Bose is credited for:
S.N. Bose is credited for:
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Whose work led to the theory that the brain is NOT a continuous web, but instead composed of individual, independent nerve cells that communicated with each other across tiny gaps called “synapses?”
Whose work led to the theory that the brain is NOT a continuous web, but instead composed of individual, independent nerve cells that communicated with each other across tiny gaps called “synapses?”
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Which scientist made a groundbreaking discovery that helped transform cancer research and give rise to regenerative medicine?
Which scientist made a groundbreaking discovery that helped transform cancer research and give rise to regenerative medicine?
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Whose work led to the discovery of 'colony-forming units' that are a type of adult stem cell located in the bone marrow?
Whose work led to the discovery of 'colony-forming units' that are a type of adult stem cell located in the bone marrow?
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_____ is known for his detailed research on the behavior of chimpanzees and his advocacy for their protection.
_____ is known for his detailed research on the behavior of chimpanzees and his advocacy for their protection.
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Who received Nobel Prizes for their work done on the structure of DNA?
Who received Nobel Prizes for their work done on the structure of DNA?
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______ was the first to study X-ray crystallography, using X-rays to examine the crystalline form of a substance and to determine its molecular structure.
______ was the first to study X-ray crystallography, using X-rays to examine the crystalline form of a substance and to determine its molecular structure.
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______ was the first to discover natural radioactivity.
______ was the first to discover natural radioactivity.
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Whose research, done with a team of scientists during World War II, studied the effects of radiation on the body's cells, and led to the Manhattan Project?
Whose research, done with a team of scientists during World War II, studied the effects of radiation on the body's cells, and led to the Manhattan Project?
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____ coined the term 'nuclear fission' and came up with the theory that explained the splitting of the nuclei of uranium atoms?
____ coined the term 'nuclear fission' and came up with the theory that explained the splitting of the nuclei of uranium atoms?
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What is the name of the particle discovered at CERN that helped confirm the validity of the Higgs boson theory?
What is the name of the particle discovered at CERN that helped confirm the validity of the Higgs boson theory?
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Which individual is credited with leading a research study that discovered the genetic encoding of human T-cell receptors?
Which individual is credited with leading a research study that discovered the genetic encoding of human T-cell receptors?
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Who was the first director of the Wellcome Sanger Institute genome research center?
Who was the first director of the Wellcome Sanger Institute genome research center?
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The first person to win two Nobel Prizes in Chemistry?
The first person to win two Nobel Prizes in Chemistry?
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Who proposed the modern system for classifying subatomic particles, which became known as the 'standard model?'
Who proposed the modern system for classifying subatomic particles, which became known as the 'standard model?'
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Developed ENQUIRE, a program designed to track connections between people and projects at CERN, and later formed the basis of the World Wide Web.
Developed ENQUIRE, a program designed to track connections between people and projects at CERN, and later formed the basis of the World Wide Web.
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Which of the following scientists is credited with pioneering research on the westward intensification of wind-driven ocean currents?
Which of the following scientists is credited with pioneering research on the westward intensification of wind-driven ocean currents?
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Which of the following was an early champion for computer power, and commissioned Arpanet, the forerunner of the internet?
Which of the following was an early champion for computer power, and commissioned Arpanet, the forerunner of the internet?
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______ was the first to propose a systematic theory of continental drift.
______ was the first to propose a systematic theory of continental drift.
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______ was the first to work on how to create synthetic insulin.
______ was the first to work on how to create synthetic insulin.
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_______ is credited for his research on quantum electrodynamics?
_______ is credited for his research on quantum electrodynamics?
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Which of the following scientists studied, in detail, the properties of CFCs and their effect on the ozone layer?
Which of the following scientists studied, in detail, the properties of CFCs and their effect on the ozone layer?
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______ was the first African American woman to travel in space.
______ was the first African American woman to travel in space.
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______ is credited for helping to clarify the different processes behind short-term and long-term memory, and showing that they are equally applicable in humans?
______ is credited for helping to clarify the different processes behind short-term and long-term memory, and showing that they are equally applicable in humans?
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_______ studied the role of synapses (nerve junctions) in memory and learning?
_______ studied the role of synapses (nerve junctions) in memory and learning?
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Whose research, done with his colleague, Gérard Mourou, led to the discovery of chirped pulse amplification?
Whose research, done with his colleague, Gérard Mourou, led to the discovery of chirped pulse amplification?
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Which of the following scientists is credited for helping to prove the existence of dark matter in the universe?
Which of the following scientists is credited for helping to prove the existence of dark matter in the universe?
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______ is credited with discovering the process of nuclear fission?
______ is credited with discovering the process of nuclear fission?
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Who developed a new method for sequencing the three fundamental polymers of life?
Who developed a new method for sequencing the three fundamental polymers of life?
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______ is credited for discovering that the speed of light is constant?
______ is credited for discovering that the speed of light is constant?
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______ is credited for the discovery of the gene responsible for cystic fibrosis.
______ is credited for the discovery of the gene responsible for cystic fibrosis.
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________ is credited for discovering the use of radiation to study the changes to the chromosomes of bone marrow cells.
________ is credited for discovering the use of radiation to study the changes to the chromosomes of bone marrow cells.
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_______ is credited for discovering the use of isotopes to help 'label' individual fragments in sequencing DNA?
_______ is credited for discovering the use of isotopes to help 'label' individual fragments in sequencing DNA?
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______ Whose work in the 1970s, done on mouse cells, helped to further confirm the findings of human bone marrow cells that were published in Nature in 1963?
______ Whose work in the 1970s, done on mouse cells, helped to further confirm the findings of human bone marrow cells that were published in Nature in 1963?
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______ is credited with studying the structure of the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)?
______ is credited with studying the structure of the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)?
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Which of these individuals used the term 'pluripotent' to describe cells that can become any type of cell?
Which of these individuals used the term 'pluripotent' to describe cells that can become any type of cell?
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Whose work with the antimalarial drug artemisinin resulted in a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine?
Whose work with the antimalarial drug artemisinin resulted in a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine?
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Who studied the behavior of animals in the wild, specifically chimpanzees, and provided a new view on their social interactions and emotions?
Who studied the behavior of animals in the wild, specifically chimpanzees, and provided a new view on their social interactions and emotions?
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Which of these scientists has helped to raise awareness about the environmental dangers of human exposure to radiation and campaigned for controls on nuclear weapons?
Which of these scientists has helped to raise awareness about the environmental dangers of human exposure to radiation and campaigned for controls on nuclear weapons?
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Study Notes
Discoveries in Biology and Chemistry
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Nervous System Composition: Camillo Golgi, Santiago Ramon y Cajal, and Wilhelm Waldeyer were responsible for discovering that the nervous system is composed of billions of individual nerve cells.
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Human Genome Project: James Watson led the Human Genome Project with Francis Crick.
Marie Curie's Contributions
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Radioactive Elements: Marie Curie discovered two new radioactive elements: polonium and radium.
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X-Rays: She also contributed to advancements in physics and medicine by discovering the use of X-rays.
Jocelyn Bell Burnell
- Radio Telescopes: Jocelyn Bell Burnell helped design and build radio telescopes that probed deep into space to detect quasars.
Rutherford's Atomic Model
- Atomic Model: In 1911, Ernest Rutherford published his model of the atom, likened to a miniature solar system with a central nucleus and orbiting electrons.
Patricia Bath's Work
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Laserphaco Probe: Patricia Bath invented the Laserphaco Probe, a more precise method for cataract removal.
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Research in Cancer: Her research also included cancer treatments, patient quality of life, advocacy, and patient support.
First Woman and Civilian in Space
- Valentina Tereshkova: Valentina Tereshkova was the first woman and civilian to travel to space.
Subatomic Particles
- Electron: The electron is a subatomic particle found outside the nucleus of an atom.
Fundamental Polymers
- DNA, RNA, Proteins: DNA, RNA, and proteins are the three fundamental polymers of life, with DNA relaying instructions to create proteins.
Nuclear Reactions in Stars
- Stellar Nucleosynthesis: Fred Hoyle discovered that most chemical elements could be created step-by-step by nuclear reactions within large stars.
Big Bang Theory
- Big Bang: Fred Hoyle did not coin the term "Big Bang."
Bose's Contribution
- Atoms are not solid: SN Bose proposed that atoms are not solid but composed of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons.
Continental Drift
- Alfred Wegener: Alfred Wegener initially proposed that continents moved over time.
Cancer Research
- James Till and Ernest McCulloch: Their research led to the discovery of colony-forming units, a type of adult stem cell located in the bone marrow.
Nobel Prize Recipients
- Rosalind Franklin: She contributed to the understanding of X-ray crystallography and determined molecular structures.
- Wilhelm Röntgen: He discovered natural radioactivity.
Other Scientific Discoveries
- Santiago Ramon y Cajal's Synapse Research: Cajal's research on synapses (nerve junctions) contributed to our understanding of memory and learning.
- Protein Sequencing Method: Frederick Sanger developed a new method of sequencing fundamental polymers of life (DNA, RNA, and proteins).
- Constant Speed of Light: Albert Einstein is credited for discovering that the speed of light is constant.
- Cystic Fibrosis Gene: Lap-Chee Tsui contributed to the discovery of the gene responsible for cystic fibrosis.
- Radiation in Bone Marrow: James Till and Ernest McCulloch used radiation to study changes in bone marrow cells.
- Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV): Rosalind Franklin contributed to the study of TMV's structure.
- Pluripotent Cells: Individuals like James Till and Ernest McCulloch worked with the identification and understanding of pluripotent cells.
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Description
Explore groundbreaking contributions from scientists like Marie Curie, Camillo Golgi, and Jocelyn Bell Burnell. This quiz covers discoveries in the nervous system, the human genome, and advancements in atomic models and radio telescopes. Test your knowledge on how these innovations have shaped modern science.
