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Questions and Answers
What does positive allometry indicate about the growth rate of an organ compared to the body?
What does positive allometry indicate about the growth rate of an organ compared to the body?
- The organ has no growth rate compared to the body.
- The organ grows at a faster rate than the body. (correct)
- The organ grows at a slower rate than the body.
- The organ and body grow at the same rate.
What is the main focus of the August Kroth Principle?
What is the main focus of the August Kroth Principle?
- Studying human anatomy to solve biological issues.
- Exploring the effects of environmental changes on various organisms.
- Using plant models for biological research.
- Finding a suitable animal model for studying biological problems. (correct)
Which of the following correctly describes negative allometry?
Which of the following correctly describes negative allometry?
- An organ remains unchanged as the body grows.
- An organ grows faster than the body.
- An organ grows in proportion to the body.
- An organ grows slower than the body. (correct)
Which anatomical structures were associated with the research of Erasistratus?
Which anatomical structures were associated with the research of Erasistratus?
What organ did Gaein study in pigs that contributes to a specific bodily function?
What organ did Gaein study in pigs that contributes to a specific bodily function?
What does phenotypic plasticity refer to?
What does phenotypic plasticity refer to?
Sexual reproduction can potentially lead to greater genetic variation in a population.
Sexual reproduction can potentially lead to greater genetic variation in a population.
What is the term for the changes that occur in an organism as it biologically grows and becomes more complex?
What is the term for the changes that occur in an organism as it biologically grows and becomes more complex?
According to the August Kroth Principle, for every biological problem, there is an _____ for which it can be conveniently studied.
According to the August Kroth Principle, for every biological problem, there is an _____ for which it can be conveniently studied.
Match the terms with their corresponding definitions:
Match the terms with their corresponding definitions:
Flashcards
August Kroth Principle
August Kroth Principle
The principle states that for every biological problem, there exists an animal model that is suitable for studying it.
Positive Allometry (Hyper Allometry)
Positive Allometry (Hyper Allometry)
A type of growth where an organ or limb grows at a faster rate than the entire organism. This results in the organ being proportionally larger in adulthood.
Negative Allometry (Hypo Allometry)
Negative Allometry (Hypo Allometry)
A type of growth where an organ or limb grows at a slower rate than the entire organism. This results in the organ being proportionally smaller in adulthood.
Allometry
Allometry
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Growth
Growth
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What is Allometry?
What is Allometry?
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What is Positive Allometry (Hyper Allometry)?
What is Positive Allometry (Hyper Allometry)?
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What is Negative Allometry (Hypo Allometry)?
What is Negative Allometry (Hypo Allometry)?
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What is Phenotypic Plasticity?
What is Phenotypic Plasticity?
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What is Ontogenetic Change?
What is Ontogenetic Change?
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Study Notes
Early Anatomical Discoveries
- Erasistratus investigated the heart's function as a pump.
- Gaein studied the larynx in pigs and the kidney's role in urine production using apes.
- August Kroh proposed that every biological problem can be studied in a suitable animal model.
- The August Kroh Principle states that for every biological problem, there exists an animal model for convenient study.
Allometry
- Allometry examines the relationship between the growth rate of a body part and the overall body growth rate.
- Positive allometry (hyperallometry) occurs when a body part grows faster than the whole body (α > 1), exemplified by the male fiddler crab's claw.
- Negative allometry (hypoallometry) occurs when a body part grows slower than the whole body (α < 1).
Physiological Phenotype
- Physiological phenotype is the product of genotype and environment.
- Phenotype may change over time.
- This includes phenotypic plasticity, ontogenetic changes (changes due to biological growth and complexity), reversible acclimation (in response to controlled variables), and acclimatization (in response to natural variations like moving locations).
Metazoan Characteristics
- A metazoan is any animal that develops from an embryo stage with two or three tissue layers (ectoderm, endoderm, and sometimes mesoderm).
- All animals can use reproduction.
- Some animals can utilize asexual reproduction.
- Sexual reproduction increases genetic variation across generations, potentially leading to better adaptation to environmental changes and improved survival chances.
- Asexual reproduction creates clones of the parent, which can be advantageous in stable environments.
- Phenotype changes over generations due to adaptation. For example, Darwin's finches adapted to their environment
- Not all phenotypic traits are adaptations.
Other Notable Observations
- Whale leg bones remain a vestigial feature.
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