Science Test PDF

1. Who was responsible for discovering that the nervous system was composed of billions of individual independent nerve cells? A) Camillo Golgi B) Antonio Egas Moniz C) Santiago Ramon y Cajal D) Wilhelm Waldeyer E) None of the above 2. Which scientist led the Human Genome Project with Francis...

1. Who was responsible for discovering that the nervous system was composed of billions of individual independent nerve cells? A) Camillo Golgi B) Antonio Egas Moniz C) Santiago Ramon y Cajal D) Wilhelm Waldeyer E) None of the above 2. Which scientist led the Human Genome Project with Francis Crick? A) James Watson B) Nettie Stevens C) Rosalind Franklin D) Thomas Hunt Morgan E) None of the above 3. Marie Curie is credited for: A) discovering two new radioactive elements - polonium and radium B) creating the field of atomic physics C) discovering the use of x-rays for the advancement of physics and medicine D) Both (A) and (B) E) All of the above 4. Jocelyn Bell Burnell is credited for: A) describing the interactions of electromagnetically charged particles in terms of an exchange of photons B) helping design and build an array of radio telescopes that probed deep into space to detect quasars C) proposing the theory of elementary particles D) sequencing the three fundamental polymers of life: DNA, RNA, and proteins E) using quantum theory to predict that black holes emit heat and eventually 5. In 1911, Rutherford published his model of the atom which he likened to: A) Saturn and its moons B) dropping stones into a pool C) bees in a hive D) a miniature solar system E) the rings of Jupiter 6. The work of Patricia Bath involved: A) inventing the Laserphaco Probe for a more precise removal of cataracts B) research in cancer treatments, ethics and patient quality of life, and patient advocacy and support C) the discovery of how T-cells recognize antigens for the treatment of immune-system diseases, and immune responses to cancer D) the isolation of artemisinin which successfully treated malaria E) the study of normal and abnormal blood formation 7. Who was the first woman and civilian to fly in space? A) Jane Goodall B) Nettie Stevens C) Patricia Bath D) Tu Youyou E) Valentina Tereshkova 8. The particle exists outside of the nucleus of an atom: A) isotope B) electron C) neutron D) proton E) None of the above 9. Of the three fundamental polymers, which one relays instructions to create proteins? A) antigens B) DNA C) isotopes D) RNA E) None of the above are fundamental polymers 10. Who discovered that most chemical elements could be created step-by-step by nuclear reactions within large stars? A) Albert Einstein B) Fred Hoyle C) Erwin Schrödinger D) Paul Dirac E) None of the above Let me know if you'd like me to continue numbering the rest! 4o You said: do all of them ChatGPT said: ChatGPT Here’s the full list with numbering added: ________________ 1. Who was responsible for discovering that the nervous system was composed of billions of individual independent nerve cells? A) Camillo Golgi B) Antonio Egas Moniz C) Santiago Ramon y Cajal D) Wilhelm Waldeyer E) None of the above 2. Which scientist led the Human Genome Project with Francis Crick? A) James Watson B) Nettie Stevens C) Rosalind Franklin D) Thomas Hunt Morgan E) None of the above 3. Marie Curie is credited for: A) discovering two new radioactive elements - polonium and radium B) creating the field of atomic physics C) discovering the use of x-rays for the advancement of physics and medicine D) Both (A) and (B) E) All of the above 4. Jocelyn Bell Burnell is credited for: A) describing the interactions of electromagnetically charged particles in terms of an exchange of photons B) helping design and build an array of radio telescopes that probed deep into space to detect quasars C) proposing the theory of elementary particles D) sequencing the three fundamental polymers of life: DNA, RNA, and proteins E) using quantum theory to predict that black holes emit heat and eventually 5. In 1911, Rutherford published his model of the atom which he likened to: A) Saturn and its moons B) dropping stones into a pool C) bees in a hive D) a miniature solar system E) the rings of Jupiter 6. The work of Patricia Bath involved: A) inventing the Laserphaco Probe for a more precise removal of cataracts B) research in cancer treatments, ethics and patient quality of life, and patient advocacy and support C) the discovery of how T-cells recognize antigens for the treatment of immune-system diseases, and immune responses to cancer D) the isolation of artemisinin which successfully treated malaria E) the study of normal and abnormal blood formation 7. Who was the first woman and civilian to fly in space? A) Jane Goodall B) Nettie Stevens C) Patricia Bath D) Tu Youyou E) Valentina Tereshkova 8. The particle exists outside of the nucleus of an atom: A) isotope B) electron C) neutron D) proton E) None of the above 9. Of the three fundamental polymers, which one relays instructions to create proteins? A) antigens B) DNA C) isotopes D) RNA E) None of the above are fundamental polymers 10. Who discovered that most chemical elements could be created step-by-step by nuclear reactions within large stars? A) Albert Einstein B) Fred Hoyle C) Erwin Schrödinger D) Paul Dirac E) None of the above 11. Which scientist is credited with coining the term "Big Bang?" A) Fred Hoyle B) Albert Einstein C) Edwin Hubble D) Stephen Hawking E) None of the above 12. S.N. Bose is credited for: A) proposing that atoms are not solid, but instead composed of a positively charged center, the nucleus, orbited by a cloud of electrons B) proposing that the speed of light is constant and that time slows down in intense gravitational fields C) the creation of QED D) the discovery of the electron E) proposing the fifth state of matter, in addition to the known states: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma 13. Whose work led to the theory that the brain is NOT a continuous web, but instead composed of individual, independent nerve cells that communicated with each other across tiny gaps called “synapses?” A) Thomas Hunt Morgan B) Santiago Ramon y Cajal C) Camillo Golgi D) Wilhelm Waldeyer E) None of the above 14. Which scientist made a groundbreaking discovery that helped transform cancer research and give rise to regenerative medicine? A) James Till B) Ernest McCulloch C) Tak Wah Mak D) None of the above 15. Whose work led to the discovery of “colony-forming units” that are a type of adult stem cell located in the bone marrow? A) Tak Wah Mak B) Ernest McCulloch C) James Till D) None of the above 16. ** is known for his detailed research on the behavior of chimpanzees and his advocacy for their protection. ** A) Jane Goodall B) Valentina Tereshkova C) Patricia Bath D) Tu Youyou 17. Who received Nobel Prizes for their work done on the structure of DNA? A) Rosalind Franklin B) James Watson C) Francis Crick D) All of the above 18. ** was the first to study X-ray crystallography, using X-rays to examine the crystalline form of a substance and to determine its molecular structure. ** A) Rosalind Franklin B) Nettie Stevens C) Marie Curie D) Tu Youyou 19. ** was the first to discover natural radioactivity. ** A) Marie Curie B) Wilhelm Röntgen C) Antoine Henri Becquerel D) None of the above 20. Whose research, done with a team of scientists during World War II, studied the effects of radiation on the body's cells, and led to the Manhattan Project? A) Lise Meitner B) Richard Feynman C) Ernest Rutherford D) None of the above 21. Coined the term “nuclear fission” and came up with the theory that explained the splitting of the nuclei of uranium atoms? A) Otto Frisch B) Lise Meitner C) Enrico Fermi D) None of the above 22. What is the name of the particle discovered at CERN that helped confirm the validity of the Higgs boson theory? A) positron B) quark C) meson D) None of the above 23. Which individual is credited with leading a research study that discovered the genetic encoding of human T-cell receptors? A) James Till B) Ernest McCulloch C) Tak Wah Mak D) None of the above 24. Who was the first director of the Wellcome Sanger Institute genome research center? A) John Sulston B) Frederick Sanger C) James Watson D) None of the above 25. The first person to win two Nobel Prizes in Chemistry? A) Frederick Sanger B) Marie Curie C) Linus Pauling D) None of the above 26. Who proposed the modern system for classifying subatomic particles, which became known as the “standard model?” A) Richard Feynman B) Murray Gell-Mann C) Niels Bohr D) None of the above 27. Developed ENQUIRE, a program designed to track connections between people and projects at CERN, and later formed the basis of the World Wide Web. A) James Watson B) Tim Berners-Lee C) John Sulston D) None of the above 28. Which of the following scientists is credited with pioneering research on the westward intensification of wind-driven ocean currents? A) Henry Stommel B) Alfred Wegener C) John Sulston D) None of the above 29. Which of the following was an early champion for computer power, and commissioned Arpanet, the forerunner of the internet? A) J.C.R. Licklider B) James Till C) Tim Berners-Lee D) None of the above 30. ** was the first to propose a systematic theory of continental drift. ** A) Alfred Wegener B) Henry Stommel C) James Till D) None of the above 31. ** was the first to work on how to create synthetic insulin. ** A) Frederick Sanger B) Ernest McCulloch C) Tak Wah Mak D) None of the above 32. ** is credited for his research on quantum electrodynamics? ** A) Richard Feynman B) Niels Bohr C) Ernest Rutherford D) None of the above 33. Which of the following scientists studied, in detail, the properties of CFCs and their effect on the ozone layer? A) Mario J. Molina B) Lap-Chee Tsui C) Mae Carol Jemison D) None of the above 34. ** was the first African American woman to travel in space. ** A) Mae Carol Jemison B) Patricia Bath C) Valentina Tereshkova D) None of the above 35. ** is credited for helping to clarify the different processes behind short-term and long-term memory, and showing that they are equally applicable in humans? ** A) Eric Kandel B) Stephen Hawking C) James Watson D) None of the above 36. ** studied the role of synapses (nerve junctions) in memory and learning? ** A) Eric Kandel B) Stephen Hawking C) James Watson D) None of the above 37. Whose research, done with his colleague, Gérard Mourou, led to the discovery of chirped pulse amplification? A) Eric Kandel B) Stephen Hawking C) Satoshi Omura D) Donna Strickland 38. Which of the following scientists is credited for helping to prove the existence of dark matter in the universe? A) Vera Rubin B) Stephen Hawking C) Fred Hoyle D) None of the above 39. ** is credited with discovering the process of nuclear fission? ** A) Lise Meitner B) Enrico Fermi C) Otto Frisch D) None of the above 40. Who developed a new method for sequencing the three fundamental polymers of life? A) Frederick Sanger B) James Watson C) Rosalind Franklin D) None of the above 41. ** is credited for discovering that the speed of light is constant?** A) Albert Einstein B) Satoshi Omura C) Niels Bohr D) None of the above 42. ** is credited for the discovery of the gene responsible for cystic fibrosis. ** A) Lap-Chee Tsui B) Mario J. Molina C) Mae Carol Jemison D) None of the above 43. ** is credited for discovering the use of radiation to study the changes to the chromosomes of bone marrow cells. ** A) James Till B) Ernest McCulloch C) Tu Youyou D) None of the above 44. ** is credited for discovering the use of isotopes to help “label" individual fragments in sequencing DNA?** A) Frederick Sanger B) James Watson C) Rosalind Franklin D) None of the above 45. ** Whose work in the 1970s, done on mouse cells, helped to further confirm the findings of human bone marrow cells that were published in Nature in 1963? ** A) Tak Wah Mak B) James Till C) Ernest McCulloch D) None of the above 46. ** is credited with studying the structure of the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)? ** A) Rosalind Franklin B) James Watson C) Frederick Sanger D) None of the above 47. Which of these individuals used the term "pluripotent" to describe cells that can become any type of cell? A) Tak Wah Mak B) James Till C) Ernest McCulloch D) Shinya Yamanaka 48. Whose work with the antimalarial drug artemisinin resulted in a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine? A) Satoshi Omura B) Tu Youyou C) Both A and B D) None of the above 49. Who studied the behavior of animals in the wild, specifically chimpanzees, and provided a new view on their social interactions and emotions? A) Jane Goodall B) Valentina Tereshkova C) Patricia Bath D) Tu Youyou 50. Which of these scientists has helped to raise awareness about the environmental dangers of human exposure to radiation and campaigned for controls on nuclear weapons? A) Richard Feynman B) James Till C) Hermann Joseph Muller D) None of the above