Hyogo Framework for Action: Disaster Risk Reduction

Disaster Risk Reduction Laws and Policies

• The Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) was developed in 2005 in Japan as a monumental moment in global disaster risk reduction.
• A global initiative was set to create safe and resilient communities across the globe with the development of plans from 2005 to 2015.
• The Yokohama Strategy of 1994 paved the way for identifying gaps and challenges to be addressed between 2005-2015 and was presented at the World Conference on Disaster Reduction in Yokohama, Japan.

HFA Priorities for Action 2005-2015

• Disaster risk reduction should be a national and local priority with a strong institutional basis for implementation.
• Disaster risks should be identified, assessed, and monitored, and early warning systems should be enhanced.
• Knowledge, innovation, and education should be used to build a culture of safety and resilience at all levels
• The underlying risk factors should be reduced.
• Disaster preparedness for effective response should be strengthened at all levels.

National, Institutional, and Legislative Frameworks

• National body initiatives and laws must empower and integrate all sectors of society.
• Integrating risk reduction in every step is crucial to the functionality of national and local government units.
• Every portion of the nation must be equipped with capacity-development plans and programs to ensure continuing growth in disaster management.
• Community participation stresses the importance of participatory leadership.
• Strategies and laws must be implemented well to provide each member of society with a responsibility.
• Every member of the community is a contributor to safety and resilience.

National and Local Risk Assessment

• Every decision must be guided by well-analyzed data from assessments either at the national or local level.
• Early warning systems must be people-centered.
• Warning systems must be supported by prior education of community members to ensure their full participation in times of disasters.
• All communities at every level must be equipped with the appropriate scientific, technological, technical, and institutional capacities to prepare, respond, and adapt to disasters.
• Regional level data can contribute a higher level of specificity in disaster data due to its proximity to the local communities
• Regional level data will be contributory even to the international level for the understanding of subsequent disasters in the future.

Information Management and Exchange

• It provides a set of information that incorporates not just urban knowledge of disaster risks, but also indigenous culture and heritage.
• Information disseminated must be highly inclusive considering the social differences of members of the nation.
• Education and Training involve the promotion of disaster risk reduction knowledge in relevant sections of the school curriculum.
• Other levels of society must be given a chance to participate in the training and programs that target competencies.
• Research involves the development of multi-risk assessments and socioeconomic cost-benefit analysis of risk reduction actions at all levels.
• Developed strategies must be incorporated into the decision-making process of governing officials.
• It is important to promote a culture of disaster safety and resilience in all forms of media and sustain all efforts toward public campaigns on disaster awareness as well as public consultations at all levels of society (especially the marginalized sectors).
• All plans about the use of the environment and natural resources must be guided by international, national, and local policies that involve disaster risk reduction through Environmental and Natural Resource Management.
• Food security is needed amidst the existence of various forms of disasters such as hydrometeorological hazards as part of Social and Economic Development Practices.
• Hospitals need to be developed to be safe from natural disaster vulnerabilities and exposures.
• Programs on marginalized sectors of society must be strengthened, and capacity for psychosocial services after disaster risk scenarios must be increased.
• Programs in the recovery phase must be strengthened by bench marking of best practices on all forms of natural and man-made disasters to ensure improved response in future scenarios.
• diversified sources of income should especially promoted for high-risk areas in the communities.
• Development of financial risk-sharing mechanisms can lessen the overall economic impact of disasters on a community
• Public-private partnerships empower all members of society, in the formation of cultures of disaster prevention, resource sharing, understanding of risk assessments, and early warning systems

Land-Use Policies and Projects

• must consider social, economic, environmental, cultural, and ethical aspects before implementation.
• Codes for the construction of buildings and infrastructure must consider revisions that relate to changing conditions of natural hazards (including climate change).
• Policies should be implemented along with technical and institutional capacities at all levels of disaster management;.
• Ample technology, training, and human and material resources should be provided
• Active communication should be promoted between institutions along with early warning systems, disaster response, and disaster risk reduction
• Strengthened coordination should be ensured between all forms of institutions to ensure that policies and approaches ensure a speedy and effective response mechanism.
• Preparation and consistent review of disaster preparedness guidelines and policies are important
• Regular applications in the form of drills can help strengthen the familiarity of communities with the response mechanism, and improve the capacities of the communities
• National risk assessment strategies need to be provided.
• Emergency funds need to be generated at all levels.
• Stakeholders of the community need to be allowed to take ownership of their own safety and resilience with the development of programs.
• All members need to be allowed to embody the culture of disaster risk reduction to build cooperation and the spirit of volunteerism.

Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030: The Seven Global Targets.

• Substantially reduce global disaster mortality by 2030, aiming to lower the 100,000 global mortality rate in the decade 2020-2030 compared to 2005-2015 average per.
• Substantially reduce the number of affected people globally by 2030, aiming to lower the average global figure per 100,000 in the decade 2020-2030 compared to the period 2005-2015.
• Reduce direct disaster economic loss in relation to the global gross domestic product (GDP) by 2030.
• Substantially reduce disaster damage to critical infrastructure and disruption of basic services.
• Health and educational facilities through developing their resilience by 2030.
• Strengthened international cooperation with developing countries so they receive adequate and support to complement their national implementation actions by 2030.
• Substantially increased availability of access to multi-hazard early warning systems and disaster risk information and assessments to people by 2030.

The Sendai Framework Priorities for Action 2015-2030

• Understanding disaster risk
• Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk
• Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience
• Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response and to embody the "Build Back Better" principle in recovery, rehabilitation, and reconstruction
• All constructed policies for managing disaster risks must be based on an understanding of disaster risk that is scientific and incorporates the community.
• This understanding must cover all dimensions of single and multi-hazard factors like vulnerability, exposure, and capacity.
• Disaster risk governance should be integrated on a national, regional, and global level to improve disaster management across all sectors.
• Governance must highlight the active participation of stakeholders

Effective Disaster Management

• Requires that investments generate livelihood including the active promotion of innovation in matters of saving lives, reduction and prevention of loss, rehabilitation and recovery and developing a resilient culture.
• Programs for recovery and rehabilitation must embody the "Build Back Better" principle and involve disaster risk reduction in every developmental sector.
• The Philippines reached one of its peak typhoon-related disasters in 2009 with Typhoon Ondoy in Metro Manila which exposed the vulnerability of areas in the Philippines.
• The devastating effects of the 2009 typhoon caused legislators and experts to ratify the ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response. This is the ASEAN's commitment to the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015.
• The National Disaster Coordinating Council (NDCC) was reborn with the passing of the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act (RA 10121) in 2010.
• The NDRRMC was established in replacement of the NDCC, in accordance with RA 10121.
• The RA 10121, also called the Philippine DRRM law, was signed on May 27, 2010.
• Paradigm shift in the management of disaster occurred through the enactment of this law.
• The country adopted innovative approaches slowly, and improved approaches.

Paradigm Shift in Disaster Risk Reduction Law

• Presidential Decree 1566 of 1978 stated that disaster management was a function of a physical hazard, response and anticipation was a reactive measure, and was top-down.
• Republic Act 10121 of 2010 states that disaster reflects people's vulnerability, with a preventive approach to genuine social and human development as a bottom-up process.

Salient Features of RA 10121

• Adherence to the universal norms, principles, and standards of humanitarian assistance
• Good governance through transparency and accountability
• Strengthened institutional mechanism for DRRM
• Integrated, coordinated, multisectoral, inter-agency, and community-based approach to disaster risk reduction
• Empowerment of LGUs and Civil Society Organizations (CSOs)
• Integration of DRRM into the educational system
• Disaster Risk Reduction Management Framework (DRRMF) at the national and local levels
• Provisions on the declaration of the state of calamity, remedial measures, prohibited acts, and penalties

Climate Change Act of 2009 (Republic Act 9729)

• Recognizes the need for a cleaner environment as a constitutional right, lowering vulnerability of exposed communities including marginalized sectors.
• The People's Survival Fund Act of 2011 (Republic Act 10174) aids communities in addressing climate change.
• The People's Survival Fund Act allots 1 billion per year, helping communities implement climate-change programs.
• The NDRRMP empowers agencies to carry out four salient tasks:
  • Disaster Prevention and Mitigation – DOST
  • Disaster Preparedness – DILG
  • Disaster Response – DSWD
  • Rehabilitation and Recovery - NEDA
• The NDRRMP serves as a roadmap to apply guidelines in light of global laws and the Philippine DRRM law.
• The objectives of this initative is to empower the capacity of the national government with LGUs, to institutionalize DRRM policies, structures, coordination mechanisms, and programs

Long-Term Disaster Mitigation Goal

• Avoid hazards by mitigating their potential by reducing vulnerabilities/exposure and enhancing community capacities.
  • Reduce vulnerability and the exposure of communities to all hazards
  • Enhance the capacities of communitiies to reduce their own risks and all hazards impacts
• Communities need to be in capacity to anticipate, recover emergency occurrences disasters.
  • Increase awareness level of communitiies the threat and impacts from risks and vunerabilities
  • Equip communitiites with skillset to the cope negativities created by disaster.
  • Increase capacitity of institution
  • Development of policies with disaster comprehensiveness and system
  • Partnership must strengthen for stakeholders

Disaster Response

• With a goal to accept preservation while acceptable
  • Decrease number of death and injuries
  • Provide subsistence
  • Restore service after disastest

Reconstruct and Recover Building better

• Restore conditions from before

• People livelihood restore

• Assistants provided

• Local DRRM offices as part of the law provide specific function for community needs

Key Points

• President declares city in cluster to lift and set criteria for the council set.

Conditions during the Covid-19 Pandemic

• President declared state of calamity during Covid19.
• RA1011.

State of Calamity is declared

• Directs LGUs on steps
• Preserves continuity for stakeholders
• In measure to understate action of member.

Prohibited Acts and Penalties

• Any act that violates duties or leads to misused of funds will be held liable.
• Any actions the entry of goods that leads to distribution will be held accountable to violation.
• Buying and selling goods without proper documentation from relief centers are violations. The act of selling or consigning aid will be considered a criminal acts.
• Diversioning is a felony
  • Impersonating personnel or misrepresentation the course
  • Replacement and or tampering
• Deliberate false inflated data requests
• Tampering for stealing hazard

Penal Code section against violators

• Fifty thousand pesos penalty may amount to 500,000 pesos
• Imprisonment will not exceed to 12 years
• Offenders with be disqualified in a public office. Officials will be penalized in violation to proper cancellation or revocation