Disaster Preparedness and Government Initiatives Quiz

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What was the focus of FEMA's Project Impact, a disaster preparedness initiative introduced in the late 1990s?

Collaboration between government, businesses, and local community leaders (correct)

Promoting international collaboration for disaster response

Providing direct financial aid to individuals affected by disasters

Exclusive focus on state governments for disaster preparedness

How did FEMA's Project Impact differ from traditional disaster preparedness programs?

It relied solely on state-level funding for its initiatives

It targeted individual households instead of communities

It bypassed state governments and focused on grassroots initiatives (correct)

It was primarily funded by international organizations

What impact did Project Impact have on the Democrats' vote share from 1996 to 2000 in the counties it covered?

It led to a decrease in the Democrats' vote share

It resulted in a 2% boost in voter turnout

It showed a 1.9% increase compared to other counties (correct)

It had no significant effect on voter response

How did people perceive FEMA's Project Impact in terms of its value?

They highly valued the program Signup and view all the answers

What significant event coincided with the cancellation of Project Impact by the Bush Administration?

The February 2001 Nisqually earthquake in the Puget Sound Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation mentioned in the text regarding the estimate of voter response to Project Impact?

Omitted variables could be influencing the results Signup and view all the answers

What could future scholarship utilize to understand the influence of government efforts on voter decisions?

Field experiments Signup and view all the answers

Why is it mentioned in the text that Project Impact boosted morale within the agency?

To emphasize a positive outcome of the program Signup and view all the answers

In what way did voters not reward the incumbent presidential party, as indicated in the text?

By showing no significant voting preference Signup and view all the answers

What did the text suggest as a potential area for further analysis, based on the results obtained?

Analyzing the effects of preparedness spending on Senate elections Signup and view all the answers

What type of payments are classified as direct payments to individuals?

10.054, 10.073, 10.077 Signup and view all the answers

What codes fall under the collective payment programs category?

83.203, 83.505, 83.506 Signup and view all the answers

Which data source describes the recipient type for federal government expenditures?

FAADS Signup and view all the answers

In which county and year were there no spending assignments made to either individual or collective aims?

La Paz County, Arizona, for the 1988 election cycle Signup and view all the answers

What is represented by the symbol '**' in '∗∗ p < .01'?

p-value less than 0.01 Signup and view all the answers

What does a t-statistic of 3.42 for the effect of relief spending on election outcomes indicate?

There is a strong and significant relationship between relief spending and voting behavior Signup and view all the answers

What does it suggest about the incumbent party's vote gains when relief expenditures increase from the 66th percentile to the 93rd percentile in a county?

The incumbent party will gain about 0.77 percentage points Signup and view all the answers

How does the point estimate for damage change when considering damage and spending in the year before an election?

It roughly doubles Signup and view all the answers

In terms of disaster spending, what do large increases in relief spending lead to according to the text?

Substantial vote gains for the incumbent party Signup and view all the answers

How can the effect of relief spending on election outcomes be understood in terms of additional votes?

$1 per person buys an additional vote Signup and view all the answers

What does the negative sign of the damage coefficient suggest about disaster damage?

It has a negative effect on the incumbent party's vote share Signup and view all the answers

According to the results in columns (1) and (2), which type of spending significantly predicts increases in the incumbent party's vote share?

Relief spending Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of preparedness spending on the incumbent party's vote share based on the text?

It does not have a significant effect Signup and view all the answers

What does the highly significant coefficient for relief spending suggest in comparison to preparedness spending?

Relief has a more significant effect than preparedness Signup and view all the answers

What percentage increase in relief spending, as mentioned in column (2), is estimated to increase the incumbent party's vote share by about 0.0045 percentage points?

1.00% Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of converting the spending measures into logarithms as mentioned in the text?

To adjust for the heavy skew in the spending measures Signup and view all the answers

How is relief spending measured in the study based on the provided equation?

Logarithm of per-capita spending plus one Signup and view all the answers

What does the added 'one' serve to achieve when taking the logarithm of per-capita spending?

It maps zero spending to zero in the logarithmic scale Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to include year fixed effects in the analysis of relief spending effects on election outcomes?

To account for the county's overall strength of third-party opposition in a given year Signup and view all the answers

How is disaster relief spending measured for election analysis according to the text?

Total relief spending in the three years preceding an election Signup and view all the answers