30 Questions
What is a common effect of liquefaction and lateral spreading during a disaster?
Man-made structures sinking
What happens to tombstones during a disaster according to the text?
They are shifted or overturned
Which of the following is a characteristic of intensity IX devastation?
Many cry and shake with fear
What is a common observation related to landslides and rock falls during a disaster?
Boulders thrown out from their positions
What happens to utility posts, towers, and monuments during intense disasters?
They are tilted, toppled, or broken
What is a common effect on water and sewer pipes during disasters?
They burst
What was the main reason for the dramatic difference in the impact of the disaster mentioned in the text?
The use of a new early-warning system connected to radio stations
What could have potentially saved millions of lives and prevented extensive property damage in the mentioned disasters?
Timely alerts and warning systems
What is the main characteristic of media mentioned in the text?
It can reach a large number of people quickly and effectively
According to the definition provided in the text, which of the following is NOT considered a form of media?
Face-to-face conversation
What is the advantage of visual media mentioned in the text?
It can be effective in a multilingual society
What type of communication does the text describe media as generally providing?
One-way communication from the sender to the audience
What are some environmental causes of disasters mentioned in the text?
Moisture in soil
What was the focus of the wildland fire behavior case studies discussed in the text?
Fire spreading at landscape scale
Which factor is considered in the modification of the fire model for landscape-scale fire modeling?
Structure of actual vegetation
What is the purpose of including spatial information in the wildland fire calculation system Forefire?
To convert two-dimensional fire spread model to three dimensions
In what way did rolling stones contribute to natural causes of disasters according to the text?
By setting off fires in inflammable leaf litter
Which scale was used in the previous work to validate the physical model for fire spread?
Laboratory scale
What is the primary role of the media in a post-disaster situation?
To provide accurate information about the ongoing impacts and needs of affected people
How does the media help in the rehabilitation and reconstruction process?
By monitoring and reporting on the activities of various agencies involved
What is the suggestive role of the media in a disaster situation?
To provide suitable suggestions for political attention and public understanding of acceptable options
Which of the following is an example of the media's suggestive role mentioned in the text?
Providing models of suitable houses and building materials for reconstruction
In which type of disaster can the media provide suggestions for retrofitting weaker structures?
Earthquakes
Which of the following states is mentioned in the text as prone to floods?
Assam
What type of natural disasters is India prone to?
All of the above
How do satellites help in better planning and management of disasters?
Satellites provide synoptic observations of natural disasters at regular intervals
What is the purpose of the Disaster Management Support (DMS) Programme?
All of the above
Which of the following geoportals is mentioned in the text?
All of the above
What is the role of satellite communication and navigation systems in disaster management?
They play an important role in disaster management with improved technological options
What is the purpose of integrating satellite and field-based observations?
To better understand the risks due to natural disasters
Study Notes
Early Warning Systems
- A new early-warning system connected with radio stations was implemented to alert people in low-lying areas, resulting in a dramatic difference in preventing casualties.
- The absence of an alert and warning system has led to huge number of casualties and extensive damage to property, as seen in examples like Bhopal gas leak, 1999 super cyclone in Orissa, and 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.
Role of Media in Disaster Management
- Media is defined as impersonal means of communication that transmits messages directly to the audiences.
- Two main characteristics of media are:
- Reaching millions of people in a short time, even instantaneously.
- Being cost-effective and generally user-friendly.
- Media provides one-way communication.
- In post-disaster situations, the informative role of media is to:
- Provide correct information about the continuing impacts of the disaster and the actual needs of the affected people.
- Keep a check on various agencies undertaking rehabilitation programs.
- The suggestive role of media is to:
- Provide suitable suggestions for political attention and public understanding for most acceptable options.
- Muster expert opinion and solutions for rehabilitation and reconstruction.
Disaster Management
- Intensity IX of a disaster can cause:
- People to be forcibly thrown to the ground.
- Most buildings to be totally damaged.
- Bridges and elevated concrete structures to be toppled or destroyed.
- Landslides and liquefaction to occur.
- Intensity X can cause:
- Practically all man-made structures to be destroyed.
- Environmental causes of disasters are related to climatic conditions such as temperature, wind speed, and level of moisture in soil and atmosphere.
- Human-related causes of disasters result from human activity and methods of forest management.
Wildland Fire Behaviour
- The extension of a physical model for the spreading of surface fire at landscape scale has been validated at laboratory scale for fire spreading across litters.
- The model was modified to consider the structure of actual vegetation and was included in the wildland fire calculation system Forefire.
Space-Based Inputs for Disaster Mitigation and Management
- India is prone to many natural disasters like floods, landslides, cyclones, forest fires, earthquakes, and drought.
- Satellites provide synoptic observations of natural disasters at regular intervals, helping in better planning and management of disasters.
- The Disaster Management Support (DMS) Programme comprehensively addresses various aspects of natural disasters using space-based inputs.
- ISRO provides satellite-based near real-time information support to Central Ministries/Departments and State Ministries/Departments prior to, during, and after major natural disasters.
Test your knowledge on disaster management applications, case studies, and field works. Questions may cover topics such as identification of displaced tombstones, tilted utility posts, broken water pipes, and effects of liquefaction on structures.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
