Disaster Management and Economic Impact Quiz

Study Notes

Significant job losses and economic downturns occurred due to the pandemic.
Healthcare systems experienced considerable strain, revealing existing weaknesses.
Global inequalities were highlighted, prompting discussions on public health strategies.

Defined by the Disaster Management Act of 2005 as a comprehensive process for preventing, preparing for, and responding to disasters.
Encompasses planning, organization, risk reduction, impact assessment, and recovery efforts to rebuild affected communities.

Integrated systems for hazard monitoring, forecasting, and risk assessment to alert populations about potential disasters.
Enable timely communication and proactive measures to reduce disaster risks.
Examples:
- Cyclone Warning Systems in India: Issued advanced warnings during Cyclone Fani in 2019, facilitating mass evacuations and reducing casualties.
- Tsunami Warning Systems: Enhanced post-2004 Indian Ocean tsunami with ocean sensors to detect seismic activity and alert coastal areas.

Hazard Monitoring: Continuous tracking and detection of potential threats like earthquakes and floods.
Forecasting and Prediction: Utilizing data to anticipate the likelihood and severity of hazards.
Aim to Mitigate Climate Change, promote Public Health, and enhance Compliance with environmental standards.

Emission Standards: Limit pollutants from industries (e.g., Clean Air Act).
Waste Management Regulations: Control waste disposal and recycling (e.g., Resource Conservation and Recovery Act).
Water Quality Standards: Ensure safety and quality of water bodies (e.g., Clean Water Act).
Wildlife Protection Laws: Safeguard endangered species (e.g., Endangered Species Act).
Noise Pollution Regulations: Manage noise levels to protect public health.
Chemical Safety Regulations: Govern hazardous chemical use and disposal.

Frequency: How often hazards occur, such as seasonal flooding.
Predictability: Ability to forecast hazards, exemplified by cyclones versus earthquakes.

Environmental disasters disrupt the natural environment, caused by natural (e.g., earthquakes) or human-related events (e.g., pollution).
Result from the interaction of hazardous events with exposure, vulnerability, and capacity, leading to significant losses.

Natural Disasters:
- Geological (earthquakes, landslides)
- Hydrological (floods, tsunamis)
- Meteorological (hurricanes, tornadoes)
- Climatological (droughts)
- Biological (pandemics)
Human-Made Disasters:
- Industrial (chemical spills)
- Environmental Pollution (oil spills)
- Technological (power outages)
- Socio-Political (wars, terrorism)

Human Impact: Loss of life and displacement of populations.
Material Impact: Property damage and disruption of livelihoods.
Economic Impact: High response costs and market interruptions.
Environmental Impact: Habitat destruction, pollution, and depletion of resources.

Environmental Risk: Potential hazards like pollution and urban sprawl affecting health and the environment.
Environmental Vulnerability: Susceptibility to environmental changes and risks.