Podcast
Questions and Answers
What should you do immediately after experiencing strong ground shaking in a coastal region?
What should you do immediately after experiencing strong ground shaking in a coastal region?
- Check your phone for updates.
- Exit the building quickly and safely. (correct)
- Stay where you are and wait for aftershocks.
- Use the elevator to avoid delays.
Which of the following indicates a high risk of earthquake and tsunami?
Which of the following indicates a high risk of earthquake and tsunami?
- Regions with poorly built structures.
- Moderate seismic activity.
- Near major active faults. (correct)
- Low-lying coastal areas with no history of seismic events.
What is a recommended action after the shaking stops?
What is a recommended action after the shaking stops?
- Stay indoors until further instructions are given.
- Use telephones to call for help immediately.
- Inspect for injuries and check water and electrical lines. (correct)
- Return to damaged buildings to assess the situation.
What is the definition of a hazard?
What is the definition of a hazard?
Which of the following is NOT a type of hydrometeorological hazard?
Which of the following is NOT a type of hydrometeorological hazard?
Which type of structures are at high risk of severe damage during an earthquake?
Which type of structures are at high risk of severe damage during an earthquake?
What is a common consequence of a volcanic eruption?
What is a common consequence of a volcanic eruption?
What should you NOT do during an earthquake when you feel strong shaking?
What should you NOT do during an earthquake when you feel strong shaking?
What is one of the first things you should understand for earthquake preparedness?
What is one of the first things you should understand for earthquake preparedness?
Which of these statements about droughts is true?
Which of these statements about droughts is true?
What is the main risk associated with tropical cyclones?
What is the main risk associated with tropical cyclones?
After an earthquake, what condition should you be cautious of?
After an earthquake, what condition should you be cautious of?
What should you do to stay informed during an earthquake?
What should you do to stay informed during an earthquake?
Soil liquefaction is primarily a result of which natural hazard?
Soil liquefaction is primarily a result of which natural hazard?
Which of the following best describes flooding?
Which of the following best describes flooding?
Which factor primarily contributes to the risks posed by natural hazards?
Which factor primarily contributes to the risks posed by natural hazards?
Which factor influences how communities prepare and respond to disasters?
Which factor influences how communities prepare and respond to disasters?
What primarily characterizes the biological factors in the context of disaster risk?
What primarily characterizes the biological factors in the context of disaster risk?
How do political factors relate to disasters?
How do political factors relate to disasters?
What is one impact of economic factors during a disaster?
What is one impact of economic factors during a disaster?
Which aspect is considered a psychological factor in disaster response?
Which aspect is considered a psychological factor in disaster response?
The shaking of the Earth's surface is specifically referred to as a:
The shaking of the Earth's surface is specifically referred to as a:
Which of the following is a common form of epidemic disease associated with disasters?
Which of the following is a common form of epidemic disease associated with disasters?
Which factor does not directly relate to the measurement of earthquakes?
Which factor does not directly relate to the measurement of earthquakes?
What type of natural disaster can result from volcanic activity and cause damage to infrastructure?
What type of natural disaster can result from volcanic activity and cause damage to infrastructure?
Which volcanic gas is known to be particularly hazardous to human health?
Which volcanic gas is known to be particularly hazardous to human health?
Which alert level indicates that no volcanic eruption is imminent?
Which alert level indicates that no volcanic eruption is imminent?
What phenomenon can occur around volcanoes due to extremely high temperatures?
What phenomenon can occur around volcanoes due to extremely high temperatures?
What is a significant environmental impact of volcanic eruptions on vegetation?
What is a significant environmental impact of volcanic eruptions on vegetation?
What can lahars do to communities situated near volcanoes?
What can lahars do to communities situated near volcanoes?
What common effect may occur when a volcano becomes more active?
What common effect may occur when a volcano becomes more active?
Which of the following gases is NOT typically emitted from volcanic eruptions?
Which of the following gases is NOT typically emitted from volcanic eruptions?
What should you do if trapped in a sinkhole?
What should you do if trapped in a sinkhole?
Why do low silica magma flows move quickly?
Why do low silica magma flows move quickly?
What is a danger presented by high silica magma flows?
What is a danger presented by high silica magma flows?
What action should be taken if you escape a sinkhole?
What action should be taken if you escape a sinkhole?
What danger does ashfall pose?
What danger does ashfall pose?
What can intense heat from lava flows do?
What can intense heat from lava flows do?
How should you behave while waiting for help after a sinkhole incident?
How should you behave while waiting for help after a sinkhole incident?
What is a key characteristic of lava flows related to human safety?
What is a key characteristic of lava flows related to human safety?
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Study Notes
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Overview
- Sudden movements of the Earth’s crust lead to earthquakes, causing ground shaking, soil liquefaction, landslides, and tsunamis.
- Volcanic eruptions result in the expulsion of gases, ash, and molten lava from the Earth.
Types of Hazards
- Hydrometeorological Hazards: Includes tropical cyclones (also known as typhoons) characterized by severe winds, heavy rainfall, storm surges, floods, and lightning.
- Flooding: Involves overflow of water onto dry land, potentially leading to significant destruction.
- Drought: Prolonged dry periods resulting in water shortages, impacting health and agriculture.
Disaster Risk Factors
- Biological Factors: Flora, fauna, and the prevalence of infectious diseases in densely populated areas heighten vulnerability.
- Psychological Factors: Mental health conditions, such as anxiety and depression, can impair the ability to respond to disasters.
- Economic Factors: Damage to essential economic activities can deplete resources and reduce recovery capacity.
- Political Factors: Disasters can prompt governance changes and reveal flaws in civil society structures.
- Sociocultural Factors: Community beliefs and practices influence disaster preparedness and response strategies.
Earthquakes
- Earthquakes result from the sudden energy release in the Earth's crust, causing seismic waves and shaking.
- Most earthquakes occur along tectonic plate boundaries.
Measuring Earthquakes
- Risk levels are categorized by ground shaking intensity:
- Yellow/Orange zones indicate moderate to high risks, with the potential for damage to poorly constructed buildings.
- Red zones signify high risks of severe damage, including total destruction in areas near major faults.
Mitigation Strategies
- Preparedness: Understand local disaster risks and assess home structural integrity; retrofit structures as necessary.
- Response: Make noise for help if trapped; use cell phones cautiously; check for injuries and hazards upon escape.
- Rehabilitation: Seek medical assistance for injuries and report sinkholes to authorities.
Volcano-Related Hazards
- Volcanic Eruptions: Cause asphyxiation, burns, and dynamic pressure-related injuries from hot ash and gases.
- Lahars: Mudflows consisting of volcanic material and water can bury infrastructure and communities.
- Ashfall: Volcanic particles can lead to agricultural losses and pose health risks due to airborne particles.
Alert Levels of PHIVOLCS
- Alert Level 0: No alerts indicate normal conditions.
- Alert Level 1: Signs of abnormal activity with low seismic activity, no imminent eruption.
- Alert Level 2: Increasing unrest with heightened volcanic activity and potential for eruption.
Environmental Impacts
- Volcanic activities can lead to melted landscapes, vegetation drying up, and significant changes in nearby water sources.
- New thermal areas may form or existing ones reactivate, impacting local ecosystems.
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