Chapter 13

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Questions and Answers

What is the recent shift in the definition of 'disability'?

From 'a temporary condition' to a permanent impairment

From 'a personal issue' to a medical condition

From 'a social, political, and cultural issue' to an individual's problem

From 'something that is wrong' with an individual to a more inclusive view (correct)

According to the United Nations, what does disability result from?

Interaction between persons with impairments and environmental/attitudinal barriers (correct)

Lack of medical advancements and societal discrimination

Inability to adapt to changing environmental conditions

Genetic predisposition and individual limitations

What was the distinction made by the English Poor Law of 1601 regarding those seeking charitable support?

Between the 'deserving' poor and the 'non-deserving' poor (correct)

Between the elderly and the young

Between the unemployed and the employed

Between the physically disabled and the mentally disabled

What term refers to the stigmatization of disability and the existence of prejudicial attitudes held by people without disabilities toward people with disabilities?

Ableism Signup and view all the answers

What is the desired outcome in the context of disability culture and social attitudes?

Independent living Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to refer to individuals who have disabilities, as accepted in more recent times?

People with disabilities Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the replacement of outdoor relief with indoor relief in the mid-nineteenth century?

Individuals with disabilities were increasingly isolated in segregated institutions Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the post-World War II period in Canada regarding disability support?

Expansion of the welfare state and introduction of social security programs Signup and view all the answers

What has been the focus of the Independent Living Movement since the 1970s in Canada?

Promoting self-direction and full participation in the community for persons with disabilities Signup and view all the answers

What did Canada achieve in 1982 regarding disability rights?

Guaranteed the rights of people with disabilities under law Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the medical model approach to disability?

Individual adaptation and rehabilitation Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized by the political rights model of disability?

Structural and attitudinal changes Signup and view all the answers

What was the most recent survey providing data on disability in Canada?

CSD Signup and view all the answers

Which type of disability was most prevalent among older age groups in Canada?

Pain Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of working-age Canadians reported a disability in 2012?

10.1% Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the assessment process for individuals with disabilities applying for support?

Investigation of assets Signup and view all the answers

In which Canadian province are people with disabilities covered under the Disability Benefits Program Act?

British Columbia Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to refer to the process that investigates bank accounts, saving bonds, household income, trust funds, and so on?

Means test Signup and view all the answers

What is the next step in a Social Assistance review after the investigation of assets?

Identification of basic living requirements Signup and view all the answers

What is the determining factor for the amount of assistance in a Social Assistance review?

Both a and b Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the Independent Living Movement (ILM)?

Peer support, self-direction, and community integration by and for people with disabilities themselves Signup and view all the answers

Where did the Independent Living Movement (ILM) originate?

Cowell Residence Program at the University of California, Berkeley Signup and view all the answers

What is the philosophy underlying the Independent Living Movement (ILM)?

Encourage and assist persons with disabilities achieve self-direction over the personal and community services needed to attain their own independent living Signup and view all the answers

When was the Independent Living Movement (ILM) introduced to Canada?

1979 Signup and view all the answers

What is the right of people with disabilities that Independent Living is founded on?

To live with dignity in their chosen community and participate in all aspects of their life Signup and view all the answers

When was the Canadian Association of Independent Living Centres formed?

1986 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Independent Living Resource Centres (ILRCs) in Canada?

Empowering individuals with disabilities Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of the Independent Living philosophy?

Empowerment of persons with disabilities Signup and view all the answers

What was the status of Independent Living Resource Centres (ILRCs) by 1985?

Operating in several Canadian cities Signup and view all the answers

What did a study in 1997 find about the impact of ILRCs in Canada?

Succeed in improving the quality of life for people with disabilities Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Disability in Canada: Data and Policies

The Participation and Activity Limitation Survey (PALS) was discontinued by the federal government in 2010, and the most recent data on disability comes from the Canadian Survey on Disability 2012 (CSD).
The CSD focused on individuals with disabilities of working age living in private dwellings, limiting information about children, people in chronic-care facilities, nursing homes, and First Nations persons living on reserves.
In 2012, an estimated 3.8 million Canadian adults (13.7% of the total population) were limited in their daily activities due to a disability, with pain, mobility, and flexibility being the most prevalent types.
81.3% of adults with disabilities reported using assistive devices, such as wheelchairs, hearing aids, or specialized computers.
The prevalence of disability in Canada increases with age, with 10.1% of working-age Canadians and 33.2% of those 65 or older reporting a disability in 2012.
Statistics Canada's PALS, which were discontinued in 2011, were considered an international "gold standard" for gathering and reporting statistical data on disability.
The most prevalent types of disability vary by age, with mental or psychological disabilities being common among the youngest age group (15 to 24), and pain, flexibility, and mobility being more prevalent among older age groups.
Women in Canada have a higher prevalence of disability in almost all age groups, with 14.9% of adult women and 12.5% of men reporting a disability in 2012.
Canada's immigration laws indirectly make it difficult for people with disabilities to immigrate, as the "excessive demand" clause places restrictions on their ability to access health and social services.
The American Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973 had a significant impact on the history of persons with disabilities in the United States and Canada.

Independent Living Movement in Canada

The Independent Living Movement (ILM) in Canada was inspired by the disability rights movement of the 1970s and was fully developed through three major events in 1981.
The movement gained legitimacy and promoted the philosophy of Independent Living (IL) to various levels of government, academics, and disability organizations.
By 1985, Independent Living Resource Centres (ILRCs) were operating in several Canadian cities.
In 1986, the Canadian Association of Independent Living Centres (CAILC) was formed, later renamed Independent Living Canada in 2008.
By 2015, 25 ILRCs were operating across Canada.
The IL philosophy advocates for the empowerment of persons with disabilities to participate in community life and make choices to control their resources.
ILRCs are governed and controlled by persons with disabilities, catering to various types of disabilities.
A study in 1997 found that ILRCs succeed in improving the quality of life for people with disabilities by developing skills and removing barriers, empowering individuals.
Canadians with disabilities may be eligible for federally-sponsored income support programs such as the Canada Pension Plan and other federal programs.
Canada's disability income support system is based on a loose-knit set of programs from private and public sources with different eligibility criteria and guidelines.
Improving the representation of people with disabilities in the labor market has been a challenging project undertaken by advocacy groups.
Provincial and territorial disparities exist in the support and services provided for people with disabilities in Canada, with variations in eligibility requirements and funding across different regions.

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Description

Test your knowledge of disability data and policies in Canada with this informative quiz. Explore statistics from the Canadian Survey on Disability 2012 and learn about the prevalence of different types of disabilities, use of assistive devices, and age and gender differences. Delve into the impact of immigration laws on people with disabilities and the historical significance of the American Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973.